1. Long ago , people sent their cameras to a factory because ________ .

　　 A. they wanted to have the cameras cleaned

　　 B. they wanted their film developed

　　 C. they broke their cameras when taking pictures

　　 D. they wanted to have their pictures taken by a photographer

4. 推理判断题:

　　 推理判断题指由文章的某一个细节或一部分内容等非直接表述推导出答案的题型， 它需要读者去揣测作者的意图，态度和文章语气，需要综合考虑全文并找到依据， 才能选出正确答案。 要求学生要通过现象看本质， 包括作者的思想倾向，观点，说话的语气和态度等。同时要注意， 自己的推理判断不能脱离开原文内容，不能凭自己意愿胡乱推理或只凭常时推理。

　　 推理判断题主要有以下几种题问方式：

　　 (1)题干中出现 infer,　 conclude 等词。

　　 (2)题干中未直接提出需要推理的字样， 但只有通过推断文章某一部分内容才可得出答案的题目。

　　 解题方法：

　　 (1)仔细审题， 找到文章中的相关细节。

　　 (2)抓住关键词句

　　 (3)透过现象看本质， 进行符合逻辑的推理

Example：

　　 The invention of the camera goes far into the past . In the 1500s , men were experimenting with cameras that made images . But it was not until the early 1800s that man found a way to make the pictures permanent . Even then , photography was a new field . Most families had their pictures taken by a photographer . People did not own cameras because taking pictures and developing the film were too difficult .

　　 In 1884, George Eastman changed photography by inventing a kind of film that fit into a small camera . Because the new film was easy to use , many people began to buy cameras. When they had used up their film , people returned their cameras to the factory , There , the film was developed , and pictures were printed . Then more film was put into the cameras , which were sent back to the owners , along with their pictures .

　　 Eastman’s camera made it easy to take pictures . Today’s cameras are even easier to use , and people can put in their own film . Photography has become a growing hobby .

　　 There are also many new jobs in the field of photography . One of the most important kinds of work is in news reporting . Newspapers, magazines , and television all need pictures to tell their stories . Photographers aid scientists by taking pictures through microscopes and telescopes . Deep-sea divers take pictures of ocean plants and animals , while astronauts take their cameras into space . Man finds new uses for the camera every day .

6. John__________(not) any presents yet but he _________ a shopping mall, where they will go tomorrow.

NMET tests:

1) 1. --- The window is dirty.

--- I know. It ____ for weeks. (2004)

A. hasn’t cleaned　　　　　　　　　　 B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned　　　　　　　　　　 D. hasn’t been cleaned

2)　 2.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since.　　　 (2004 北京 )

A. had considered　　　　 　　　　　　B. has been considering

C. considered　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. is going to consider

3)　 3.More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.　　　 (2004 江苏 )

A. treated　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. have treated　　

C. had been treated　　　　　　　　　 D. have been treated

4)　 4. --- We have not heard from Jane for a long time.

--- What do you suppose ____ her?　　 (2005 河北 )

A. happened to　　　　　　　　　　　 B. has happened to

C. will happen　　　　　　　　　　　 D. was happened to

5)　 5.--- What a hot day!

　　　 --- We ____ such hot weather for almost ten days.

　　　 A. have been having　　　　　　　　　 B. have had

　　　 C. are having　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. had had

6)　 6.We ______ our new neighbours yet, so we don’t know their names.　　 (2006 上海 )

　　 A. don’t meet　　　 B. won’t meet　　 C. haven’t met　　　 D. hadn’t met

7)　 7.The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before.　 (2005)

A. was having　　　 B. have　　　　　 C. have ever had　　 D. had ever had

8)　　 8.He　 _____　 more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

　　　　 A. has learned　　　　　　　 B. would have learned　　

　　　　 C. learned　　　　　　　　　 D. had learned

5. Xiao Li ___________ in Xiamen all his life.

4. Xiamen is one of the most attractive cities John _______.

3. When the tourists____ in the summer, they____ in the city center.

2. The traffic in the city ___ _______ much worse recently.

1. They _____________many high-rise buildings in the city.

　Summary about the present perfect tense

The action happened in the past, but has much effect or cause certain result to today.

1) To denote continuous action or state (表持续的动作或状态,常和since或for引导的短语连用).

e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.

　　 I have been here since last October.

2) To denote the past repeated action (表过去重复的动作,常和always ,often ,many times, every day等时间状语连用).

e.g. My father has always gone to work by bike.　 (我父亲一向是骑车上班)

　　　 It has rained every day this week.　 (这个星期天天下雨)　

3) To denote the future　 (表将来, 尤用在时间状语从句中)

e.g. We are going after we have had breakfast.

　　　 I will wait until he has written his letter.

It I　 is used with “ just, recently, before, never ,always, often ,already, in the past ,so far, up to now, till no w” and so on.

　现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1　　 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关如： 系，如：

　　　 I have lost my pen.(强调我现在没有笔)

　　　 I lost my pen.(过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔)

2.　　 现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用(before,just等除外) ，但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语， 如：yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等连用。如：

A：　 Hello,Kate!Have you had supper?

B：　 Yes,I have.

A：　 When did you have it?

在此例中，应注意When是一个不确定的过去时间。

　　 [能力训练]

　 complete these sentences. Use either the past simple tense or the present perfect tense.　　　　　

　　　　　　 Build　　 buy　 come　 get　 live　 see　 stay　 visit

4、知识体系的建构：To learn and use grammars in different situation

[讲学过程]：