1．用作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物。如：

This is not my book. It is Mary’s.

5．Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法

如：① I had to buy all these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.

② It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails.

③ I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.

④ - Which of the three ways shall take to the village ?

- Any way as you please.

⑤ We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any.

清单三 替代词的用法

one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those

关于替代词试题，首先要明白使用替代词的目的就是要代替前面的名词，以避免重复。那么，做题时首先要弄清替代词替代什么样的名词，如：可数还是不可数？是泛指还是特指？其中one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数/不可数名词。如：

Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen.

Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen.

The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk.

The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.

清单四 it 的用法

4．全部否定和部分否定

all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every + 名词都表示全部肯定：no one, none, nobody, nothing, nothing, not … any, 以及no + 名词都表示全部否定；但当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。如：

Both of them haven’t read this story. = Only one of them has read this story.

并非他们二人都看过这个故事。

All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.

这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。

All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.

= Not all bamboo grows tall.

= Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn’t.

并非所有的竹子都长得高。

We fear no difficulty.

= we don’t fear any difficulty.

我们不怕困难。

Neither of them wants to stop for a rest.

他们两个谁也不愿意停下来休息。

另外。① any 所修饰的名词或由any 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式。也就是说，我们只能说not … any，但不能说any … not。如：

× Anything cannot stop him going there.

√ Nothing can stop him going there.

任何事不能阻止他去那儿。

② 总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether (全然地)，wholly(全部地)和not 连用时，也表示部分否定。例如：

Such a thing can’t be found nowhere.

这种事什么地方也见不到。

3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表

2. each 和every

① each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：

The tickets each cost ten dollars.

这些票每张十美元。(each 作同位语，不能用costs)

Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。

= Not every man is honest.

② every 还可表示“每融……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。

every year or two 每一两年

every now and then 时常

every other day 每隔一天

Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。

one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车

1．none, no one, nothing 的用法区别

① none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如：

- How many people are there in the room now ?

- None.

- Who is in the room ?

- No one / nobody

② none 往往与前面的(some / any / every ) + n. 匹配构成试题；而nothing 往往与something, anything, everything 相匹配构成试题；no one / nobody 往往与someone / somebody, everyone / everybody, someone / somebody 相匹配构成试题。如：

I need someone to help me, but there is no one here.

I need something to drink, but there is nothing.

I need some students to help me to carry the tools for experiment, but there is none here.

- Is there anyone in that room ?

- No, no one.

- Is there anything in that room ?

- No, nothing.

- Is there any student in that room ?

- No, none.

③ none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。

4．除它们之外，其他的不定代词既可用作代词，又可用作形容词(none 只作代词)。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置其后。

3．复合不定代词都不可接of 短语，但some one, every one, any one 都是两个词，之后可接of 短语(注意no one 不可接of 短语)。

Every one of the students can speak good English.

这些学生中每个人都能说一口流利的英语。

2．复合不定代词只起代词作用，作主语时，谓语动词一概用单数。表物为的复合不定代词，指代词用单数，即：it, its; 表人类的复合不定代词，指代代词通常用复数，即：they, their 或them 等。

He said something was lost, but he didn’t say what is was.

他说有什么东西丢了，但没说是什么。

Someone is waiting for me at the school gate, but I have no idea who they are (or who he or she is).

有人不得校门口等我，但我不知是谁。

1．every 和no 只能用作形容词，不能用作代词。