1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法:

(1) 表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为“必须……,得……,要……”;由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to, 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外,must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’ have to。

例如:(NMET2008陕西)-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?

--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.

  A. mustn't   B. needn't    C. can't    D. won't  

[解析]Something big?此处意为:Must it be big? 回答者的意思是:房子不必太大-那并不重要。

[答案]B                                                                                                                       (2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不许”。例如:

(2008上海春)When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches

  A. wouldn't   B. needn't   C. mustn't    D. daren't

[解析]当我年轻的时候,(家人)就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。

[答案]C

(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干嘛”。例如:

①(NMET2006山东)-May I smoke here ? -If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.

  A. should    B. could    C. may    D. must

②(NMET2005全国Ⅲ)John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A.Must    B.Can     C.May    D.Need

[解析]must在这两道试题中均表示“非得,偏要”。

[答案]① D  ② A

(二)表达虚拟语气的情态动词

对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,用情态动词+have done这一结构,常用的有以下几个情态动词:

(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。例如:

(NMET2008江苏)-I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day.

-Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.

  A. shouldn’t shout                    B. shouldn’t have shouted

C. mustn’t shout                     C. mustn’t have shouted

[解析]对不起,我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。

[答案]B

 (2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如:

(NMET2008山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.

  A. can manage           B. could have managed  

C. could manage        D. can have managed

[解析]根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作,已经完成,故排除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…,故说话者想表达的意思是:离开了你,我们本不可能完成这项工作。

[答案]B

(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。例如:

①(NMET2005福建)-Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

-Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself.

  A. needn’t do      B. needn’t have done 

C. mustn’t do      D. shouldn’t have done

[解析]根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。

[答案]B

②(NMET2007上海春) The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we     go to work tomorrow.

  A. can’t    B. mustn’t   C. needn’t    D. shouldn’t

[解析]老板给所有的员工放了假,所以我们明天不必再去上班。

[答案]C

(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如:

(NMET2001上海春) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.

  A. had scored    B. scored 

  C. would score    D. would have scored

[解析]句中otherwise为含蓄条件,相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。

[答案]D

(5) might have done表示“本来可能……”,但实际上没有发生的事。例如:

(NMET2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.

  A. need have done       B. must have done

C. can have done        D. might have done

[解析]真是可惜!考虑到他的能力和经验,他本来可以做得更好的。

[答案]D

(三)表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词

(一)表示推测的情态动词

对现在或将来情况推测,用情态动词+do / be / be doing…;对过去的推测,用情态动词+have done / been…;表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为 must, should / ought to, may, might, could;否定推测,常用can’t / couldn’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示推测的语气非常肯定,may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”,表示推测的语气不很肯定。 

(1) must表示推测,意为“一定……”,只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为:一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如:  

 (NMET2007 江苏)-She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.

-I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.

A. should    B. could    C. must    D. might

[解析]句意为:她看上去很高兴,一定是通过了考试。

[答案]C

(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该发生”,语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。

例如: (NMET2007全国I)-How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

-It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.

A. will    B. would   C. should    D. must

[解析]should此处表示推测,意为“应该”。

[答案]C

②(NMET2005上海)There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

  A. mustn’t   B. shan’t   C. shouldn’t   D. needn’t

[解析]句意:既然你在驾校进行了大量训练,那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。

[答案]C

(3) can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于肯定句中,语气比may/ might更弱。例如:

①(NMET2008浙江)You ______ be hungry already - you had lunch only two hours ago!

  A. wouldn’t    B. can’t   C. mustn’t   D. needn’t

②(NMET2008天津)She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.

  A. can’t   B. wouldn’t   C. shouldn’t   D. needn’t

③(NMET2008福建)It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

  A. must   B. can   C. should      D. would

④(NMET2008辽宁)Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

  A. shall              B. should            C. can              D. must

[解析]①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测,意为:不可能,一定不会; ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性,翻译为:有时候会……。

[答案]① B ② A  ③ B ④ C

 (4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为“或许,可能”;might的语气比may较婉转。例如:

① (NMET2008全国II) Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.

  A. will   B. can    C. must    D. may

[解析]may well为固定搭配,意为:很可能,极有可能。

[答案]D

② (NMET2008四川) Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

  A. must    B. may   C. shall    D. should

[解析]这听起来或许是一项简单的任务,但却需要极大的细心。

[答案]B

③ (NMET2008重庆)-I can’t find my purse anywhere.

  -You __ have lost it while shopping.

  A. may   B. can   C. should   D. would

[解析]结合语境可知,回答者是在提醒对方:或许购物时把钱包丢了。

[答案]A

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