定冠词the是 this / these,that / those的弱式,无人称数和性的变化,它的用法可分为“特指”、“类指”和“其它”三种。

1)特指某人、某物或某事时;指上文已提到或正在谈论的人或事物以及指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,名词前要加定冠词。例如:

The cleverer of the two boys is my youngest brother.这两个男孩中较聪明的那个是我弟弟。

What is the title of the book? 书名是什么?

Do you think of the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样?

2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前要用定冠词;也用于指自然现象或表示方位的名词前;如:the wind, the night, the south, the east, the left/right;

The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。

若sun,moon,sky等词前有一描绘性的形容词修饰时,这时也可用不定冠词。例如:

It was a dismal winter night. A pale moon hung low in the sky.这是一个暗郁的冬夜,苍白的月亮挂在天边。

Day broke and brilliant sun lit up the room.天亮了,灿烂的阳光照亮了房间。

3)说明整个类属事物的名词前要用定冠词。如:

The horse is a useful animal.

(Horse are useful animals.

A horse is a useful animal)

以上三句语法形成都对,但所表达的意义有差别。定冠词 + 单数可数名词,表示这个类属总的特点;定冠词 + 复数名词,表示这个类属中都具有本类属特点;不定冠词 +单数可数名词,着重表达这一类属中的任何一个都具有本类的特点。

4)由普通名词构成专有名词(国家、组织、政党、机构等)前常用定冠词,而单个专有名词前不加定冠词。例如:

the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国,the Communist Party of China中国共产党,the National People's Congress.全国人民代表大会

The UN stands for the United Nations. UN代表联合国

The USA stands for the United States of America. USA代表美利坚和众国

5)在乐器的名称前,常用定冠词;在表示文娱、艺术活动的名词前,也须用定冠词, 如:go to the cinema/the theatre/the concert/the movies

She likes playing the piano.她喜欢弹钢琴。

"The Red Rose" are giving a performance at the People's Theatre.“红玫瑰”将在人民剧院上演。

6)用于表示姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词,指夫妇、全家人或全家中的一些人。例如:

The Smiths were having supper when I got there.我到那儿时,史密斯一家正在吃晚饭。

[注意:]姓氏所有格(使用时常常不出现被修饰的名词)表达的意思 。例如:

I've got a job as a salesman at the  Taylor's(shop).我在裁缝店找到了一份工作。

They are going to stay at the Wilsons' (house) for the weekend.我们将在威尔逊家度过周末。

7)由短语或定语从句修饰的名词前要用定冠词;序数词、形容词的最高级和在only, last等修饰某一名词时,常用定冠词,但表达分数的序数词前不加定冠词。例如:

This is the second letter that I received from my younger sister this month.这是我这个月收到的我妹妹的

第二封信。

Gone with the Wind is one of the best films that I have ever seen.《乱世佳人》是我所看过的最好的影片之一。

[注意]序数词前也可加不定冠词,表示在原基础上“又一、再一”的意思。

8)[加在形容词、副词比较级前作关系副词用]“越......越......”;“愈......愈......”(前面的是关系副词,后面的是指示副词)

The sooner, the better.越快越好。

The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.英语你听得越多,它就变得越容易。

He worked the harder, because he had been encouraged.他因受到了鼓励,工作越发努力了。

9)用于名词化的某些形容词、分词前指一类人。例如:

the young年轻人/the new新事物/ the living活着的人/ the rich 富人/the beautiful and the ugly美与丑

10)在某些表示山脉、群岛、河流、海洋、报纸、杂志、大建筑物、朝代、时代、等专有名词前,要用定冠词。如:the Changjiang(长江), the Atlantic(大西洋), the Times(泰晤士周刊), the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂), The Warring States Period(春秋战国), The Great Wall(长城)。the Yellow River(黄河)the English Channel( 英吉利海峡)

11)用于“in +逢十的复数数词”中的复数名词之前常加定冠词,指世纪中的几十年代。例如:

The story of "The Gold Rush" happened in the 1850s。“淘金热”故事发生于19世纪50年代。

3、不定冠词的其它用法

(1)不定冠词一般用于泛指某一类人或物,但它有时也可以特指某一个人或物,不过这是它属于非确定特指带有不确定的含义,有进一步说明。例如:

The ship sank on a stormy night.船在一个暴风雨的夜晚沉没的。

He had worked in a small factory in Beijing.他在北京的一家小厂里工作。

(2)用在quite,rather,many(more than), half, what, such等词之后。例如:

I had never seen such a good match.我从未看过这么激烈的比赛。

Many a person believes the story.许多人相信这个故事。

They're rather a strong team, aren't they?他们是一支强队,对吗?

(3)当某一单数名词前有形容词修饰,又有as,so,too,how等词修饰形容词时,不定冠词应位于形容词之后。例如:

 It was so good a film that we all wanted to see it again.这部电影如此之好,我们都想再看一次。

It's too difficult a book for me.这本书对我来说太难了。

(4)表示“同一”,“相同”这时一般都与作表语的 of 结构连用。例如:

Birds of a feather flock together.(prov.)物以类聚。[谚语]

Your shoes and mine are of a size.你的鞋和我的是同样的尺码。

(5)用于某些物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind等不可数名词前,表示“一阵、一番、一场、一种、一份、一件的事情”等意义,常用形容词修饰时,前面要加不定冠词。例如:

Longjing is a famous Chinese green tea.龙井是一种著名的中国绿茶。

A heavy rain prevented them from going out.一场大雨阻止了他们外出。

6)一些表示情感的不可数名词,如feeling, honour, joy, pity, pleasure, surprise等,在表示一种心理情感时(前面多有一个描绘性的形容词),需要加不定冠词。

It's a pleasure to talk with you.和你谈话是一件愉快的事。

It's a pity you can't swim.真可惜你不会游泳。

7)不可数名词danger,  difficulty,disappointment,failure, help,success,wonder等在表示一种人或物时,前面应加不定冠词。如:

He is a danger man.他是一个危险的人。

He is a success.他是一个成功者。

8)不可数名词education, history, knowledge, population, time,world等,在表述其部分或某一方面的内容、概念时,前面常加不定冠词(have a history/knowledge/population of.......可看作为固定搭配)。

9)具有动作意义的抽象名词在与动词have,take,make,give,let out等构成短语表示  一种短暂性的动作时,此抽象名词前的冠词一般不可缺少。例如:take a look/walk/swim/rest/bath;  make a promise/dive for; have a look/walk/swim/rest/test/try/bath/break; give a laugh/ smile/shout/talk/whistle; let out a cry/ scream。.例如:

We had a very good journey home.我们回家得旅行很顺利。

10)在同源宾语中,与动词同源的名词前一般要加不定冠词如:die a......death; dream a.......dream; fight a...battle; have a....sleep; have/lead/live a ...life; smile a...smile.

Many farmers in the west continue to lead a simple life.西部的许多家庭继续过着简朴的生活。

11)含有不定冠词的短语或结构

A.与时间和方式有关的

a moment ago; after a while/minute/moment; for a time; half an hour; in a while/minute/moment; in an instant; just a minute; once a while; once upon a time; three meals a day; twice a week; all of a sudden; as a result; as a rule; as a matter of fact; in a......way; in a hurry; in a loud voice; in a word; with a .......hand; with a smile;

B)与一些常用动词构成的固定搭配

 catch (a) cold; do a good deed; get a cold; get in a word; give a concert/lesson; go out for a walk; have a cold/cough/fever/ pain/ headache /have a good time; have a match/meeting; have a size;make a face/living/mistake/noise/speech/start; make an effort/apology; make a study of; make it a rule; pay a visit; take a seat; take /leave/make a message; take an interest in; take an active part in; keep an eye on; lend a hand; go for a skiing; give a fine welcome;

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