3、分词作定语
不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调完成;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动,
过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时,也是如此。分词作定语,单个的分词作定
语一般前置;分词词组,个别分词如given, left等,修饰不定代词等的分词,作定语需后置。例如:
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
分词作定语相当于定语从句,如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.
分词: 包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点)
① 主要区别:现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思;过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。
② 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。
[A] 作定语:分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如:
I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕)
The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly ,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊:捉小偷!)
Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)
He only gave me a broken glass, so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)
[B] 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语)
谓语动词(vt.) |
宾语 |
宾语补足语 |
keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) |
sb./sth. |
(do)ing |
如:
Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)
When I entered the room, I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)
In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动)
[C] 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如:
She came into the classroom, holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)
[D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有:be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / become frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。例略。
[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如:
I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意:have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)
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