题目内容
13.如图,已知椭圆$\frac{{x}^{2}}{{a}^{2}}$+$\frac{{y}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}$=1(a>b>0)的离心率为$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$,且过点($\sqrt{3}$,$\frac{1}{2}$).(Ⅰ)求该椭圆的方程;
(Ⅱ)若A,B,C为椭圆上的三点(A,B不在坐标轴上),满足$\overrightarrow{OC}$=$\frac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{OA}$+$\frac{4}{5}\overrightarrow{OB}$,直线OA,OB分别交直线l:x=3于M,N两点,设直线OA,OB的斜率为k1,k2.证明:k1•k2为定值,并求线段MN长度的最小值.
分析 (I)由题意可得:$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\frac{c}{a}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}\\{\frac{3}{{a}^{2}}+\frac{1}{4{b}^{2}}=1}\\{{a}^{2}={b}^{2}+{c}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$,解得即可得出椭圆的标准方程.
(II)设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则$\frac{{x}_{1}^{2}}{4}+{y}_{1}^{2}=1$,$\frac{{x}_{2}^{2}}{4}+{y}_{2}^{2}$=1.由于满足$\overrightarrow{OC}$=$\frac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{OA}$+$\frac{4}{5}\overrightarrow{OB}$,可得$\overrightarrow{OC}$=$(\frac{3}{5}{x}_{1}+\frac{4}{5}{x}_{2},\frac{3}{5}{y}_{1}+\frac{4}{5}{y}_{2})$.代入椭圆的方程化简可得:x1x2+4y1y2=0,即可证明k1k2为定值.设OA:y=k1x,OB:y=-$\frac{1}{4{k}_{1}}$x,令x=3,解得M,N.|MN|=$|3{k}_{1}+\frac{3}{4{k}_{1}}|$=$|3{k}_{1}|+\frac{3}{|4{k}_{1}|}$,利用基本不等式的性质即可得出.
解答 (I)解:由题意可得:$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\frac{c}{a}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}\\{\frac{3}{{a}^{2}}+\frac{1}{4{b}^{2}}=1}\\{{a}^{2}={b}^{2}+{c}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$,解得a=2,b=1,c=$\sqrt{3}$,
∴椭圆的标准方程为:$\frac{{x}^{2}}{4}+{y}^{2}=1$.
(II)证明:设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则$\frac{{x}_{1}^{2}}{4}+{y}_{1}^{2}=1$,$\frac{{x}_{2}^{2}}{4}+{y}_{2}^{2}$=1,①.
∵满足$\overrightarrow{OC}$=$\frac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{OA}$+$\frac{4}{5}\overrightarrow{OB}$,∴$\overrightarrow{OC}$=$(\frac{3}{5}{x}_{1}+\frac{4}{5}{x}_{2},\frac{3}{5}{y}_{1}+\frac{4}{5}{y}_{2})$.
代入椭圆的方程可得:$\frac{(\frac{3}{5}{x}_{1}+\frac{4}{5}{y}_{1})^{2}}{4}+(\frac{3}{5}{y}_{1}+\frac{4}{5}{y}_{2})^{2}=1$,
化为$(\frac{3}{5})^{2}(\frac{{x}_{1}^{2}}{4}+{y}_{1}^{2})$+$(\frac{4}{5})^{2}(\frac{{x}_{2}^{2}}{4}+{y}_{2}^{2})$+$\frac{6}{25}({x}_{1}{x}_{2}+4{y}_{1}{y}_{2})$=1,
由①可得:x1x2+4y1y2=0,
∴k1k2=-$\frac{1}{4}$为定值.
设OA:y=k1x,OB:y=-$\frac{1}{4{k}_{1}}$x,令x=3,解得M(3,3k1),N$(3,-\frac{3}{4{k}_{1}})$.
∴|MN|=$|3{k}_{1}+\frac{3}{4{k}_{1}}|$=$|3{k}_{1}|+\frac{3}{|4{k}_{1}|}$≥3×$2\sqrt{|{k}_{1}|•\frac{1}{4|{k}_{1}|}}$=3,当且仅当${k}_{1}=±\frac{1}{2}$时取等号,
∴|MN|的最小值为3.
点评 本题考查了椭圆的标准方程及其性质、直线与椭圆相交问题转化为方程联立可得根与系数的关系、向量坐标运算、基本不等式的性质,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于难题.
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