题目内容

15.在一个平面直角坐标系中,求下列方程所对应的图形经过伸缩变换$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=\frac{1}{3}x}\\{y′=\frac{1}{2}y}\end{array}\right.$后的图形.
(1)$\frac{{x}^{2}}{9}$+$\frac{{y}^{2}}{4}$=1
(2)$\frac{{x}^{2}}{18}$-$\frac{{y}^{2}}{12}$=1
(3)y2=2x.

分析 由伸缩变换$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=\frac{1}{3}x}\\{y′=\frac{1}{2}y}\end{array}\right.$可得$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=3{x}^{′}}\\{y=2{y}^{′}}\end{array}\right.$.分别代入所给的曲线方程中,即可判断出曲线类型.

解答 解:由伸缩变换$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=\frac{1}{3}x}\\{y′=\frac{1}{2}y}\end{array}\right.$可得$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=3{x}^{′}}\\{y=2{y}^{′}}\end{array}\right.$.
(1)把$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=3{x}^{′}}\\{y=2{y}^{′}}\end{array}\right.$代入$\frac{{x}^{2}}{9}$+$\frac{{y}^{2}}{4}$=1可得:(x′)2+(y′)2=1,是以原点为圆心、1为半径的圆.

(2)把$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=3{x}^{′}}\\{y=2{y}^{′}}\end{array}\right.$代入$\frac{{x}^{2}}{18}$-$\frac{{y}^{2}}{12}$=1,可得:$\frac{({x}^{′})^{2}}{2}-\frac{({y}^{′})^{2}}{3}=1$,仍然为以坐标轴为对称轴的双曲线.

(3)把$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=3{x}^{′}}\\{y=2{y}^{′}}\end{array}\right.$代入y2=2x,可得$({y}^{′})^{2}=\frac{3}{2}{x}^{′}$,仍然为以x轴为对称轴的抛物线.

点评 本题考查了圆锥曲线的伸缩变换,考查了计算能力,属于基础题.

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