ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
12£®ÌìÈ»ÆøµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊǼ×Í飬¼×ÍéÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªµÄȼÁϺͻù´¡»¯¹¤ÔÁÏ£®£¨1£©ÒÔ¼×ÍéºÍˮΪÔÁÏ¿ÉÖÆÈ¡¼×´¼£®
¢ÙCH4£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CO£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©¡÷H=+206.0kJ/mol
¢ÚCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©¡÷H=-129.0kJ/mol
ÔòCH4£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©µÄ¡÷H=+77.0kJ/mol£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦CH4£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CO£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©¿ÉÓÃÓÚÖÆÈ¡ºÏ³É°±µÄÔÁÏÆøH2£®
T¡æʱ£¬½«1.0molCH4ºÍ2.0molH2O£¨g£©Í¨Èë10LµÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷£¬¾5min´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬CH4µÄת»¯ÂÊΪ50%£¬ÔòÓÃH2±íʾµÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊv£¨H2£©=0.03mol•L-1•min-1£¬¸ÃζÈʱµÄƽºâ³£ÊýK=2.25¡Á10-2£»
£¨3£©ÄÉÃ×Ñõ»¯ÑÇÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÂÐ͵ÄpÐÍ°ëµ¼Ìå²ÄÁÏ£¬¾ßÓлîÐԵĿÕѨ-µç×Ó¶ÔºÍÁ¼ºÃµÄ´ß»¯»îÐÔ£¬ÒòÆä¶ÀÌصÄÐÔÖÊÔÚÖî¶àÁìÓòÓÐ׏㷺µÄÓ¦Ó㮹¤ÒµÉÏ¿ÉÓõç½â·¨ÖÆÈ¡ÄÉÃ×Cu2O£¨2Cu+H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$Cu2O+H2¡ü£©£®Ä³»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éµÄͬѧÉè¼ÆÁËÈçͼËùʾװÖ㬽øÐÐÄ£ÄâʵÑ飮
¸Ã×°ÖÃÀûÓü×ÍéȼÉÕµç³ØÀ´ÌṩµçÄÜ£¬È¼Áϵç³Ø¸º¼«Í¨ÈëµÄÆøÌåÊǼ×Í飻װÖÃÖÐCuµç¼«µÄÃû³ÆÊÇÑô¼«£¬¸Ã¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªH2O+2Cu-2e-=Cu2O+2H+£®Èô·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÏûºÄ×¼×´¿öÏÂ336mLCH4£¬ÀíÂÛÉϿɵõ½8.64gCu2O£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÒÀ¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬Ä¿±ê·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ÈÈΪ¢Ù-¢Ú£»
£¨2£©ÁÐÈý¶Îʽ±íʾ¸÷ÎïÖÊÆðʼÁ¿¡¢×ª»¯Á¿¡¢Æ½ºâÁ¿£»ÒÀ¾Ý·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼÆË㹫ʽV=$\frac{¡÷C}{¡÷t}$¼ÆËã½â´ð£»ÒÀ¾Ýƽºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽ¼ÆËã¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£Êý£»
£¨3£©È¼Áϵç³Ø¸º¼«Í¨ÈëµÄÆøÌåÊǼ×Í飬ͨÑõÆøΪȼÁϵç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬ÓëÕý¼«ÏàÁ¬µÄÍÊǵç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCu2O£¬¸ù¾ÝתÒƵç×ÓÊýÏàµÈÇóÑõ»¯ÑÇ͵ÄÖÊÁ¿£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙCH4£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©¨TCO£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©¡÷H=+206.0kJ•mol-1
¢ÚCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©¨TCH3OH£¨g£©¡÷H=-129.0kJ•mol-1
ÒÀ¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬¢Ù-¢ÚµÃ£ºCH4£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©¡÷H=+206.0kJ/mol-£¨-129.0kJ/mol£©=+77.0 kJ/mol£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º+77.0£»
£¨2£©½«1.0mol CH4ºÍ2.0mol H2O £¨ g £©Í¨ÈëÈÝ»ý¹Ì¶¨Îª10LµÄ·´Ó¦ÊÒ£¬¼×Íéת»¯ÂÊΪ50%£¬¹Ê²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄ¼×ÍéΪ1mol¡Á50%=0.5mol£¬Ôò£º
CH4 £¨g£©+H2O £¨g£©=CO £¨g£©+3H2 £¨g£©
ÆðʼÁ¿£¨mol£©£º1.0 2.0 0 0
±ä»¯Á¿£¨mol£©£º0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5
ƽºâÁ¿£¨mol£©£º0.5 1.5 0.5 1.5
ÔòÓÃH2±íʾ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊV£¨H2£©=$\frac{\frac{1.5mol}{10L}}{5min}$=0.03 mol•L-1•min-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.03 mol•L-1•min-1£»
T¡æʱ·´Ó¦IµÄƽºâŨ¶ÈΪc£¨CH4£©=0.05mol/L£¬c£¨H2O£©=0.15mol/L£¬c£¨CO£©=0.05mol/L£¬c£¨H2£©=0.15mol/L£¬
ËùÒÔ¸ÃζÈÏ·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK=$\frac{c£¨CO£©¡Á{c}^{3}£¨{H}_{2}£©}{c£¨C{H}_{4}£©¡Ác£¨{H}_{2}O£©}$=$\frac{0.05¡Á0.1{5}^{3}}{0.05¡Á0.15}$=2.25¡Á10-2£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2.25¡Á10-2£»
£¨3£©È¼Áϵç³Ø¸º¼«Í¨ÈëµÄÆøÌåÊǼ×Í飬ͨÑõÆøΪȼÁϵç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬ÓëÕý¼«ÏàÁ¬µÄÍÊǵç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCu2O£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£ºH2O+2Cu-2e-=Cu2O+2H+£¬
CH4¡«¡«¡«8e-¡«¡«¡«4Cu2O
22.4¡Á103 4¡Á144
336mL m
ËùÒÔ$\frac{22.4¡Á1{0}^{3}}{336}$=$\frac{4¡Á144}{m}$£¬½âÖ®µÃm=8.64g£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼×Í飻Ñô¼«£»H2O+2Cu-2e-=Cu2O+2H+£»8.64£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâΪ×ÛºÏÌ⣬¿¼²éÁ˸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÄÓ¦Óᢷ´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡¢Æ½ºâ³£ÊýµÄ¼ÆË㣬ÊìϤÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊéдµÄ·½·¨¼°¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɼÆËã·´Ó¦Èȵķ½·¨¡¢Ã÷È·µç»¯Ñ§µÄ·´Ó¦ÔÀíÊǽâÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȽϴó£®
A£® | ¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇY4Ba4Cu3O12 | B£® | ¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇYBaCu3O6 | ||
C£® | ¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇY2BaCu3O6 | D£® | ¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇYBa2Cu3O7 |
A£® | ͬÖÜÆÚÔªËصÄÔ×Ӱ뾶ÒÔ¢÷A×åµÄΪ×îС | |
B£® | ÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐÁã×åÔªËصĵ¥ÖÊÈ«²¿ÊÇÆøÌå | |
C£® | ¢ñA¡¢¢òA×åÔªËصÄÔ×Ó£¬Æä°ë¾¶Ô½´óÔ½ÈÝÒ×ʧȥµç×Ó | |
D£® | ËùÓÐÖ÷×åÔªËصÄÔ×ÓÐγɵ¥Ô×ÓÀë×ÓʱµÄ×î¸ßÕý¼ÛÊý¶¼ºÍËüµÄ×åÊýÏàµÈ |
¡°¼ÓÂÈ¡±ÊÇÖ¸¼ÓÈ뺬ÓÐÂÈÔªËصÄÎïÖÊ£¬¸ÃÎïÖÊ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ÂÈÆø | B£® | ClO2 | C£® | NaCl | D£® | NaClO3 |
A£® | ¸ÃÔªËØÔ×ÓµÄÔ×ÓºËÍâÓÐ2¸öµç×Ó²ã | |
B£® | ¸ÃÔªËØÊÇÒ»ÖÖ½ðÊôÔªËØ | |
C£® | ¸ÃÁ£×ÓÊÇÑôÀë×Ó | |
D£® | ¸ÃÁ£×Ó¾ßÓÐÎȶ¨½á¹¹ |
HX£¨aq£©?X-£¨aq£©+H+£¨aq£©¡÷H£¾0 K=10-a
X-£¨aq£©+H2O?HX£¨aq£©+OH-£¨aq£©¡÷H£¾0 k=10-b
ÏÂÁÐÓйØŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.1mol•L-1HXÈÜÒººÍNaXÈÜÒºµÄÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ·Ö±ð¶ÔÁ½ÈÜҺ΢ÈÈʱ£¬K¾ùÔö´ó¡¢ÈÜÒºpH¾ù¼õС | |
B£® | ºãÎÂÏ·ֱðÏ¡ÊÍÁ½ÈÜҺʱ£¬K¾ù²»±ä¡¢ÈÜÒºpH¾ùÔö´ó | |
C£® | 25¡æʱa+b=14 | |
D£® | 25¡æʱÁ½ÈÜÒº»ìºÏËùµÃpH=8µÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬c£¨X-£©£¾c£¨Na+£© |
A£® | °ëµ¼Ìå²ÄÁÏÉ黯ïØ | B£® | ͸Ã÷ÌմɲÄÁÏÎø»¯Ð¿ | ||
C£® | ÎüÇâ²ÄÁÏïçÄøºÏ½ð | D£® | ³¬µ¼²ÄÁÏK3C60 |