ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
18£®C¡¢N¡¢O¡¢Al¡¢Fe¡¢CuÊdz£¼ûµÄÁùÖÖÔªËØ£®£¨1£©FeλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄµÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚ¢õ¢ó×壬CuµÄ»ù̬Ô×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d104s1£¬
AlÔ×ӵĻù̬Ô×ÓºËÍâÓÐ13ÖÖÔ˶¯×´Ì¬²»Í¬µÄµç×Ó£®
£¨2£©Óá°£¾¡±»ò¡°£¼¡±Ìî¿Õ£º
µç¸ºÐÔ Àë×Ӱ뾶 ¼üµÄ¼«ÐÔ | ÈÛµã |
N£¼O O2-£¾Al3+ C-H£¼H-O | Al£¼Al2O3 |
ÆøÌ壨NO2¡¢NO£©£¬ÈÜÒºÖвÐÁô4.4g¹ÌÌ壮д³öÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ×ܵĻ¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ5Fe+14HNO3$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$5Fe£¨NO3£©2+NO2¡ü+3NO¡ü+7H2O£®
£¨4£©Fe£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©=FeO£¨s£©¡÷H=-272.0kJ/mol
Al£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©=Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-1675.7kJ/mol
AlµÄµ¥ÖʺÍFeO·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ2Al£¨s£©+3FeO£¨s£©¨TAl2O3£¨s£©+3Fe£¨s£©¡÷H=-859.7 kJ•mol-1£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©FeµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ26£¬Ô×ÓÓÐ4¸öµç×Ӳ㣬¼Û²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ8£»CuµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ29£¬Ô×ÓÓÐ4¸öµç×Ӳ㣬¼Û²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ11£»AlµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ13£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬µç¸ºÐÔÔ½´óÅжϣ»
¸ù¾ÝºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ïàͬʱ£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊýԽС£¬°ë¾¶Ô½´ó£»
¸ù¾ÝÔªËصķǽðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬¼üµÄ¼«ÐÔԽǿ£»
¸ù¾Ý¼ÓÈÈÂÁƬʱ£¬ÂÁÈÛ»¯µ«²»µÎÏ·ÖÎöÅжϣ»
£¨3£©½«10gÌú·ÛÖÃÓÚ40mlHNO3ÈÜÒºÖУ¬·´Ó¦µÄÌúµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º10g-4.4g=5.6g£¬¸ù¾Ý±»»¹ÔµÄÏõËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º$\frac{1.792L}{22.4L/mol}$=0.08mol£¬Î´±»»¹ÔµÄHNO3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªn£¨HNO3£©=2n£¨Fe£©=2¡Á0.1mol=0.2mol£¬Ôò²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáΪ0.2+0.08=0.28mol£¬ËùÒԲμӷ´Ó¦µÄÌúÓëÏõËáÖ®±ÈΪ0.1£º0.28=5£º14£¬¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦µÄÓйط½³Ìʽ½áºÏÔªËØÊغãÌúÒÔ¼°µç×ÓÊغã½øÐÐÊéд£»
£¨4£©ÒÀ¾Ý¢ÙFe£¨s£©+$\frac{1}{2}$O2£¨g£©=FeO£¨s£©¡÷H=-272.0kJ•mol-1
¢Ú2Al£¨s£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©=Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-1675.7kJ•mol-1
½«·½³Ìʽ¢Ú-¢Ù¡Á3µÃ2Al£¨s£©+3FeO£¨s£©¨TAl2O3£¨s£©+3Fe£¨s£©¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËãìʱ䣮
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÒòΪFeµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ26£¬Ô×ÓÓÐ4¸öµç×Ӳ㣬¼Û²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ8£¬ËùÒÔFeλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄµÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚ¢õ¢ó×壻CuµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ29£¬Ô×ÓÓÐ4¸öµç×Ӳ㣬¼Û²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ11£¬ËùÒÔCuµÄ»ù̬Ô×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d104s1£»AlµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ13£¬Ã¿Ò»ÖÖµç×ÓµÄÔ˶¯×´Ì¬¶¼²»Í¬£¬ËùÒÔAlÔ×ӵĻù̬Ô×ÓºËÍâÓÐ13ÖÖÔ˶¯×´Ì¬²»Í¬µÄµç×Ó£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºËÄ£»¢õ¢ó£»3d104s1£»13£»
£¨2£©ÒòΪ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬µç¸ºÐÔÔ½´ó£¬ËùÒÔNµÄµç¸ºÐÔСÓÚO£»
ÒòΪºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ïàͬʱ£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊýԽС£¬°ë¾¶Ô½´ó£¬ËùÒÔO2-µÄ°ë¾¶´óÓÚAl3+£»
ÒòΪԪËصķǽðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬¼üµÄ¼«ÐÔԽǿ£¬ËùÒÔC-HµÄ¼«ÐÔСÓÚH-O£»
ÒòΪ¼ÓÈÈÂÁƬʱ£¬ÂÁÈÛ»¯µ«²»µÎÏ£¬ËµÃ÷Íâ²ãµÄÑõ»¯ÂÁûÓÐÈÛ»¯£¬ËùÒÔÈÛµãAlСÓÚAl2O3£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»£¾£»£¼£»£¼£»
£¨3£©·´Ó¦µÄÌúµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º10g-4.4g=5.6g£¬Ôòn£¨Fe£©=$\frac{5.6g}{56g/mol}$=0.1mol£¬Ôò±»»¹ÔµÄÏõËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º$\frac{1.792L}{22.4L/mol}$=0.08mol£¬Î´±»»¹ÔµÄHNO3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªn£¨HNO3£©=2n£¨Fe£©=2¡Á0.1mol=0.2mol£¬Ôò²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáΪ0.2+0.08=0.28mol£¬ËùÒԲμӷ´Ó¦µÄÌúÓëÏõËáÖ®±ÈΪ0.1£º0.28=5£º14£¬ÓÖÌú¹ýÁ¿£¬ÔòÉú³É¶þ¼ÛÌúËùÒÔÔò·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪ£º5Fe+14HNO3$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$5Fe£¨NO3£©2+NO2¡ü+3NO¡ü+7H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5Fe+14HNO3$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$5Fe£¨NO3£©2+NO2¡ü+3NO¡ü+7H2O£»
£¨4£©¢ÙFe£¨s£©+$\frac{1}{2}$O2£¨g£©=FeO£¨s£©¡÷H=-272.0kJ•mol-1
¢Ú2Al£¨s£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O2£¨g£©=Al2O3£¨s£©¡÷H=-1675.7kJ•mol-1
½«·½³Ìʽ¢Ú-¢Ù¡Á3µÃ2Al£¨s£©+3FeO£¨s£©¨TAl2O3£¨s£©+3Fe£¨s£©¡÷H=-859.7 kJ•mol-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Al£¨s£©+3FeO£¨s£©¨TAl2O3£¨s£©+3Fe£¨s£©¡÷H=-859.7 kJ•mol-1£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÊǵÀ×ÛºÏÌ⣬¿¼²éµÄ֪ʶµã½Ï¶à£¬Éæ¼°µ½Ô×ӽṹÓëÐÔÖʵıȽϡ¢Ñõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽµÄÊéдÒÔ¼°¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÄÓ¦Óã¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬×¢ÒâÓйط´Ó¦·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд£®
A£® | ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖ×ϺìÉ«½ðÊô | |
B£® | ÍÊÇÈȺ͵çµÄÁ¼µ¼Ìå | |
C£® | ÍÊÇÈËÀàʹÓÃ×îÔç¡¢Ó¦ÓÃ×î¹ã·ºµÄ½ðÊôÖ®Ò» | |
D£® | ÍÔÚ×ÔÈ»½çÖÐÖ÷ÒªÒÔµ¥ÖʵÄÐÎʽ´æÔÚ |
A£® | c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©µÄÈÜÒºÖУºSO42-¡¢Na+¡¢Cl-¡¢Fe3+ | |
B£® | ÔÚc£¨HCO3-£©=0.1mol•L-1µÄÈÜÒºÖУº[Al£¨OH£©4]-¡¢Na+¡¢NO3-¡¢C6H5O- | |
C£® | ±¥ºÍÂÈË®ÖУºK+¡¢Mg2+¡¢CH3COO-¡¢SO42- | |
D£® | ÄÜʹ·Ó̪±äºìµÄÈÜÒº£ºBa2+¡¢NO3-¡¢I-¡¢Na+ |
A£® | ÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öµÄH+¸öÊý£º¢Ú£¾¢Ù | |
B£® | ¢ÙÈÜÒºÖÐÒõÀë×ÓµÄ×ÜŨ¶ÈСÓÚ0.01 mol•L-1 | |
C£® | ¢ÚÈÜÒºÖУºn£¨OH-£©=n£¨HCO3-£©+2n£¨H2CO3£©+n£¨H+£© | |
D£® | ¢ÚÈÜÒºÖУºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£© |
A£® | CH2OºÍCO2·Ö×ÓÖеÄÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó¾ù²ÉÓÃsp2ÔÓ»¯ | |
B£® | ¼×°·£¨·Ö×ÓʽCH3NH2£©µÄ·Ðµã±ÈÈý¼×°·£¨·Ö×Óʽ£¨CH3£©3N£©µÄ·Ðµã¸ß | |
C£® | C6H6·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ6¸ö¦Ò¼üºÍ1¸ö´ó¦Ð¼ü£¬C6H6ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó | |
D£® | CH3SH µÄÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿±ÈCH3OH´ó£¬Òò´ËÇ°Õߵķеã¸ß |
A£® | º¬ÓзǼ«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼üµÄ»¯ºÏÎï·Ö×ÓÒ»¶¨ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó | |
B£® | Ô×Ó¾§ÌåÖÐÖ»´æÔڷǼ«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü | |
C£® | ±ùÖ÷ÒªÊÇË®·Ö×Óͨ¹ýÇâ¼ü×÷ÓöøÐγɵķÖ×Ó¾§Ìå | |
D£® | ÈôÔªËØRµÄº¬ÑõËáµÄËáÐÔ´óÓÚÔªËØQµÄº¬ÑõËáµÄËáÐÔ£¬Ôò·Ç½ðÊôÐÔR´óÓÚQ |
A£® | CO2µÄË®ÈÜÒºµ¼µçÄÜÁ¦ºÜÈõ£¬ËùÒÔCO2ÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ | |
B£® | Ç¿µç½âÖÊÒ»¶¨ÊÇÒ×ÈÜÓÚË®µÄ»¯ºÏÎÈõµç½âÖÊÒ»¶¨ÊÇÄÑÈÜÓÚË®µÄ»¯ºÏÎï | |
C£® | ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖÐÄÜÀë½âΪ×ÔÓÉÒƶ¯µÄÀë×ӵĻ¯ºÏÎïÊǵç½âÖÊ | |
D£® | ÔÚÇ¿µç½âÖʵÄË®ÈÜÒºÖÐÖ»ÓÐÀë×ÓûÓзÖ×Ó |