1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize　　　　　　　 B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize　　　　　　　 D. didn’t the villagers realize

10．省略现象

有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉。注意状语从句中从句的省略现象

(1)连接词 + 过去分词

Don’t speak until spoken to.= Don’t speak until you are spoken to.

Pressure can be increased when needed.= Pressure can be increased when it is needed

Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. =Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use.

(2)连词 +　现在分词

Look out for cars when crossing the street(= when you are crossing …).过街时当心车辆。

(3)连词 + 形容词/其他

常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。

She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (= as though/if she was /were angry…).

她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。

If possible, I’d like to have two copies if it (= if it is possible,…).　 可能的话，我想要两本。

She advised me not to say anything unless asked (= unless I was asked).

她劝我别说什么，除非有人要我说。

As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer(= As/ When he was a young man,…).他年轻时就学了法律，并当了律师。

状语从句基础训练题

9． 让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although(尽管), though(尽管), however(无论怎样),whatever(无论什么), whoever(无论谁), whomever(无论谁), whichever(无论哪个),whenever(无论何时), wherever(无论哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when) (无论……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等词引导。

We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.

那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)

Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。

Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。

连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….

他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)

though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：

It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦但是我喜欢干

一般情况下，unless相当于if…not，可以互换。如：

I won’t let you in unless you show me your pass = I won’t let you in if you don’t show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。

8． 比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由than(比), as(与……一样)等词引导：

It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。

Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。

The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。

常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级

The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。

7． 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as(与……一样), as if(仿佛), as though(仿佛)等词引导：

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。

Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。(由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气)

6． 条件状语从句

表示条件的状语从句可以由if(如果),unless(除非), in case(万一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(条件是……)suppose(假设)supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中)等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.

如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。

We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.

只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。

As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。

He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.

他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。

Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?

假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？

5． 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that(从句中不带情态动词), so…that(如此……以致……),

such…that(如此……以致……)等。

What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？

He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.

他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much

= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much

Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +　名词 + that从句。

但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块

He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起

4． 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that(以便), in order that(为了), for fear that(以便),目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用

Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。

School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.

他把名字写下省得忘了。(该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should)

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

3． 原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由as(由于),because(因为), since(既然),now (that) (既然), for (由于)considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)等连词引导：

I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)

He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。

★because, as, for , since 的区别

2． 地点状语从句

地点状语从句是由where(在……的地方), wherever(无论哪里)引导的：

Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)

哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。