3. Those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach.

该句主干是Those... are now quite sure that... 。who引导的定语从句修饰主语those；连词and 连接的两个动词短语scoffed...和laughed... 是并列关系，一起充当定语从句的谓语。that引导的从句充当表语。

语篇分析

本文题材涉及星际通信。作者告诉读者虽然人类在宇宙中的交流受到速度的限制，但是跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性是存在的。它是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“指出现象-解释现象-提出新观点”脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。

2. To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact.

该句主干是This “time barriers” may have a profound psychological impact。介词短语to　 a culture which... 充当状语成分，修饰句子主干，其中which引导的定语从句修饰a culture；介词短语as... 与前面的动词take构成“动词+复合宾语”的结构take sth. as sth.(把……看作……)。

1. The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, makingall men neighbors, cannot be extended into space.

该句主干是一个被动句The marvelous telephone and television network... cannot be extended into space。其中that引导的定语从句做后置定语修饰network；分词短语making all men neighbors当结果状语，修饰整个定语从句。

15.The author of the passage intends to show__________.

［A］ the limitations of our technology　　 ［B］ the vastness of the cosmic reality

［C］ the prospect of planetary travel　　　 ［D］ the psychological impact of time and space

核心词汇

enclose　 vt. *① ［常用被动态］ to surround sth., especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate(尤指用篱笆或围墙)围起来 例：A high wall enclosed the courtyard. 一堵高墙把院子围了起来。 ② 随信附上，随信装入 例：Please enclose a check with your order. 请您随定单附上支票。

en-?是构成动词的前缀，表示 ① “使处于某种状态，使有某种特征，使成为……”例：danger使陷入危险中，危害，危及，enlarge使变大，扩大，enslave使成为奴隶，奴役 ②“把……包住；包涵”例：encircle围绕，环绕，包围，encase把……放入箱(盒、袋等)内

lump　 n. ① a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape(不定形的)块例：There were lumps in the sauce. 酱汁中有块状的东西。②方糖 例：One lump or two? 要一块还是两块方糖？vt. to accept a situation or decision you do not like because you cannot change it 无奈地接受 例： I?m going to that party! Like it or lump it! 我打算去参加那个聚会！不管喜欢还是不喜欢！

［短语搭配］ *lump sth. together 把……合在一起考虑；算在一起 例：Pacifists, atheists and journalists were all lumped together as “troublemakers”. 和平主义者、无神论者和记者都被归为“捣乱分子”。

超纲词汇

enmesh vt. *① 用网捕捉，使陷入网中；文中指“以电话和电视网络将整个世界联系起来” ② 使陷入，使卷入 例：be enmeshed in difficulties陷入困难中

stellar　 a.*① 恒星的，与星有关的 ② 极好的 例：the company?s stellar growth公司的良好发展

terrestrial　 a. ① 陆地的 *② 地球上的

长难句分析

12.The fact that it will never be possible to converse with someone on another planet shows that________

［A］ radio messages do not travel fast enough

［B］ no object can ever travel faster than light

［C］ western culture has a special idea of communication

［D］ certain universal laws cannot be prevailed against

fronted with the new order of cosmic reality, many educated men________.

［A］ become ignorant savage again　　　　　　 ［B］ find the “time barrier” unbearable

［C］ will not combine solar and stellar space［D］ cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale

servative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs can ever be crossed will________

［A］ laugh at the very idea of flight　　　　 ［B］ learn a lesson as they did ten years ago

［C］ find space travel beyond their reach［D］ oppose the fundamental scientific laws

11.For light to travel across the solar system, it will take_______.

［A］ a year　 ［B］ nearly a day　 ［C］ two months　　 ［D］ thirty minutes

10.威斯苏森先生似乎认为克隆________。

［A］ 是愚蠢的，应该被放弃［B］ 已经接近成功

［C］ 应该谨慎对待　　　　　　　 ［D］ 现在正处于进退维谷的境地

［精解］ 答案C本题考查文中人物观点。注意题干问的是“克隆”，它包括了克隆人和克隆动物两个方面。第二段末句中，威斯苏森先生强调了克隆的低效性和危险性；文末他又指出，克隆动物的研究还没有接近成功时，更别提克隆人。因此，［C］概括了他对于克隆的整体态度。

文章第二句出现的a stupid endeavor是威斯苏森先生对克隆人的看法，不包括克隆动物，因此排除［A］。［B］与文章末句not yet close to getting it worked out相矛盾。从第二段倒数第二句可知，威斯苏森先生对于克隆动物是默许的，并不认为克隆处于进退维谷的境地，排除［D］。

全文翻译

“我还没有遇到一个值得克隆的人。” 克隆专家马克•威斯苏森在德克萨斯州农业机械大学空间狭小的实验室里说。“那是一种愚蠢的尝试。”有趣的是，这种用来形容克隆人的言辞竟然来自一位已花费数百万美金试图克隆一只13岁的名叫密斯的狗的人。到目前为止，他和他的团队还没有获得成功，尽管他们已经克隆出了两只牛并且正计划在短期内克隆出一只猫。他们可能会在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再过五年都不会成功。人类最亲密的朋友--狗的生殖系统似乎是现代科学中一个神秘的领域。

威斯苏森克隆动物的经验使他对克隆人的种种说法十分恼火。在研究“克隆密斯项目”的三年时间里，农业机械大学的团队使用了成百上千只犬科动物的卵，却仅仅获得了一打左右的带有密斯基因的胚胎，并且没有一个在被转移至克隆母体时存活下来。威斯苏森教授争辩道，在研究猫或牛的克隆试验中，对动物卵的浪费以及许多动物的自然性流产都是可以为人们所接受的，但是对于研究人来说就不行。他表示说，“克隆是十分低效的，而且也相当危险。”

尽管如此，克隆狗仍是一个商机，能带来丰厚的科研报酬。自从1997年多利羊克隆成功后，威斯苏森教授在农业机械大学兽医学院的电话就频频响起。对于像密斯的神秘主人这样的消费者来说，高额的花销并不是什么难题，他只是希望匿名以保护自己的隐私。到目前为止，他已经投入了370万美金来资助这项研究，因为他想要一个密斯的孪生子在它死后继承其优良品质。但是这位主人知道，密斯的克隆体不一定能有与它一样的脾气秉性。在一份用途声明中，密斯的主人和农业机械大学的团队表示，他们“共同期待能研究密斯的克隆体与它本身的差异之处。”

用于实验的狗的命运将由威斯苏森教授的工作来决定。他知道即使有一只狗能成功怀孕，它的后代，如果能幸存下来，一出生就要面对其他克隆动物所面临的问题：像肺部和心脏发育不全造成的畸形以及体重问题等等。威斯苏森教授质问道，“在我们克隆动物的研究还没有接近成功时，为什么还想到要克隆人呢？”

Text 3

The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbours, cannot be extended into space. It will never be possible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with today's radio equipment, the messages will take minutes-sometimes hours-on their journey, because radio and light waves travel at the same limited speed of 186, 000 miles a second.

Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friend on Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutes earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In such circumstances, an exchange of verbal messages is possible-but not a conversation.

To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact. It will be a perpetual reminder of universal laws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail. For it seems as certain as anything can be that no signal-still less any material object-can ever travel faster than light.

The velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit, being part of the very structure of space and time. Within the narrow confines of the solar system, it will not handicap us too severely. At the worst, these will amount to twenty hours-the time it takes a radio signal to span the orbit of Pluto, the outer-most planet.

It is when we move out beyond the confines of the solar system that we come face to face with an altogether new order of cosmic reality. Even today, many otherwise educated men-like those savages who can count to three but lump together all numbers beyond four-cannot grasp the profound distinction between solar and stellar space. The first is the space enclosing our neighbouring worlds, the planets; the second is that which embraces those distant suns, the stars, and it is literally millions of times greater. There is no such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrial affairs.

Many conservative scientists, appalled by these cosmic gulfs, have denied that they can ever be crossed. Some people never learn; those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach. And again they are wrong, for they have failed to grasp the great lesson of our age-that if something is possible in theory, and no fundamental scientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.

One day we shall discover a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles. Every technical device is always developed to its limit and the ultimate speed for spaceships is the velocity of light. They will never reach that goal, but they will get very near it. And then the nearest star will be less than five years voyaging from the earth.［514 words］

9.从文中我们可以推知_______。

［A］ 威斯苏森很快将克隆出一只狗［B］ 科学家对克隆人持悲观态度

［C］ 人类的生殖系统还没有被了解［D］ 富有的人只对克隆动物感兴趣

［精解］ 答案B本题考查推理。文章一开始就引用专家威斯苏森的话，指出克隆人是愚蠢的尝试。第二段最后两句提到，克隆实验的低效性和危险性在克隆人中不可接受。文章末尾再次引用该专家的话，指出现在动物的研究还没成功，没有必要想到克隆人。由此可见以威斯苏森为代表的科学家对克隆人是持悲观态度的。［B］为正确项。

第一段最后两句提到，威斯苏森和他的团队可能会在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再过五年都不会成功。因此狗的克隆的成功是尚未确定的事情，排除［A］。第一段末句提到，狗的生殖系统是现代科学中神秘的领域。“人的生殖系统”在文中没有涉及，［C］无从推知。文中只提到一位富人有意克隆他的狗，但没有指出富人对克隆人不感兴趣，排除［D］。

8.下面哪一项是关于动物克隆的正确说法？

［A］ 很少有私人克隆公司能够承担。　　　　　　　 ［B］ 很少有人意识到它的意义。

［C］ 可以制造出与猫或牛一模一样的复制品。［D］ 它正成为一个欣欣向荣的产业。

［精解］ 答案D本题考查事实细节。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能带来丰厚科研报酬的商机。下文无论是提到动医学院频繁接到的电话，还是举出一掷千金想克隆爱犬的富人的例子都是为了说明首句的观点。因此［D］正确。

第三段最后两句提到，密斯(狗)的克隆体与它本身存在差异之处。至于猫和牛的情况如何，文中没有涉及，排除［C］。［A］和［B］在文中也没有提及。

7.克隆密斯项目面临的问题是什么？

［A］ 客户对它持怀疑态度。　　　 ［B］ 没有足够的资金支持这项研究。

［C］ 狗的主人不愿意透漏信息。［D］ 狗的克隆是一个生物难题。

［精解］ 答案D本题考查事实细节。题干中the Missyplicity project指克隆一只名叫密斯的狗的项目。第一段倒数第二句指出，克隆密斯可能成功也可能失败。该段最后一句解释其原因是：狗的生殖系统似乎是现代科学中一个神秘的领域。因此［D］为正确项。

第三段首句提到，克隆狗是一个商机，能带来丰厚的科研报酬。该段第三句又提到，对于像密斯的主人这样的消费者来说，高额的花销并不是什么障碍。由此可知，［B］不是项目存在的问题。［C］属于答非所问，第三段第三句提到，密斯的主人希望匿名以保护自己的隐私。但这对项目本身并不造成任何影响。［A］无从推知。