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1.
elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择 |
election
n.选举，推举，当选 |
elective
adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目 |
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2. immigrate vi. 移入 |
immigration
n. 移民入境 |
immigrant n.移民，侨民 |
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3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种 v. 参赛 |
racial adj. 人种的，种族的 |
racism
n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义 |
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4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的 |
apparently adv. 显然，表面上地 |
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5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚 |
punish vt. 惩罚，处罚 |
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[练习]用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). In America, presidential ________ (elect) are held every four years. 2). They deserve to ________ (punish) for putting passengers at risk. 3). She had to tidy the classroom as ________ (punish) for being late. 4). She was the daughter of Chinese ________ (immigrate) to America. 5). There was a sudden increase ________ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe. 6). He is a victim of ________ (race) discrimination. 7). She turned to face him, her anger ________ (apparent) gone. 8). Their motives, as will soon become _______ (apparently), are completely selfish. Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants 5). immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). apparent |
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1. means / way / method |
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[解释] means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。(单复数相同) way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。 method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。 短语搭配：做……的方法：a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用这种／些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means；用……方法，借助……：by means of... 无论如何：by all means；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means；by the way顺便问一下；on one’ s way to…在去……的路上；in the way 挡住路 |
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[练习]用means，way，method填空。 1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _______. 2). Only in this _______ can you find out the truth. 3). By this _______ I get in touch with him. 4). We express our thoughts by _______ of words. 5). ______ _______ _______ shall I lend him money! 6). The methods of _______ (teach) need _______ (improve). Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means 6). teaching; improving / to be improved |
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2. percent / percentage |
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[解释] percent 表示“百分之……”，相当于“%”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。 percentage 表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low等修饰。 |
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[练习]用percent，percentage填空。 1). I am a hundred ________ in agreement with you. 2). This company only supply 30 ________ of what we need. 3). The numbers are small, in _________ terms, but significant. 4). There used to be a high _________ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year. Keys: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage |
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3. obvious / apparent/ evident /
clear |
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[解释] obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。 apparent意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。 evident意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。 clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。 |
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[练习]用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。 1). It was an ________ mistake for him to have gone alone. 2). The situation is ________ to everyone. 3). It was becoming increasingly _________ that he disliked me. 4). The applause made it _________ that the play was a hit. Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident |
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4. hire / employ / rent |
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[解释] hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。 employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高 的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法：employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇用)。 rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。 |
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[练习]用hire，employ，rent填空。 1). Our house has been ________ by a newly-married couple. 2). It’ s important to ________ proper words in writing poem. 3). They _________ ________ in writing when I came. 4). They ________ out boats by the hour. 5). We ________ a driver to take us on a tour of the city. Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired |
