5. 被动语态的几种类型

   (1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语,间接宾语)

   常见的接双宾语的动词有

   通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语;和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。

   如:He gave me a book.

   -I was given a book by him. (以I做主语)

   -A book was given to me by Tom. (以物book作主语)

   He teaches us English.

   -We are taught English by him. (以人当主语)

   -English is taught us by him. (以物作主语)

   (2)含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

   keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语位置不变。

   We keep food fresh in the fridge.

   主  谓  宾  宾补

   -Food is kept fresh in the fridge.

   I saw him go into the office building.

   -He was seen to go into the office building.

   英语中有“十大动词”的说法,即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , 

see , notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to.

   (3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态

   不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动

词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构

成短语动词的介词或副词

   They take good care of my child.

   -My child is taken good care of

   他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。

   I turned off the radio.

   -The radio was turned off (by me)

   附:动词短语的被动语态

   take care of -be taken care of

   cut down -be cut down

   laugh at -be laughed at

   look after-be looked after

   下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加-by

   be covered with …用…覆盖着

   be interested in …对…感兴趣

   be surprised at …对…感到惊奇

   be made of (from)用…制造的

   (4)由情态动词形成的被动语态

   含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时,在情态动词后面加上be动词即可,其句型如下:

   肯定句:主语+情态动词(can , may , must)+be+ 过去分词…

   否定句:主语+情态动词+not + be + 过去分词…

   疑问句:情态动词(Can , May , Must )+主语+be+过去分词+….

   如:We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet .

   -Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.

   Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗?

   -Can it be used ?

2. 被动语态的构成

   (1)请大家看图

   The office is cleaned every day .

   The office was cleaned yesterday.

   Compare active and passive:

   动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语,就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结:

   一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词

   一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词

   如:Butter is made from milk.

   This house was built 100 years ago.

   以前我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态

   born是个过去分词(bear)

   -When were you born ? -I was born in 1989.

   如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者,句子后面需接by ~ ,译为“被(由)…”

   如:We were woken up by a loud noise .

   我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。

   (2)请看图

   从上面例子,我们可以看出,现在进行时被动语态的构成为

   主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词

   再如:

   My car is being repaired now.

   Some new houses are being built near the park.

   公园附近在建一些房子。

   (3)请看图

   BEFORE     NOW

   从上面例子,我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为

   主语+have / has +been +过去分词

   如:

   My key has been stolen.

   My keys have been stolen.

   I am not going to the party , I haven’t been invited.

   含有情态动词的被动语态

   情态动词+be+过去分词

   A note had better be left to him.

   Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes

   这里我们列举了几个主要时态,那么其它时态呢?

   一般将来时  主语+will +be +过去分词

   过去将来时  主语+would / should + be +过去分词

   过去进行时  主语+was / were + being +过去分词

   过去完成时  主语+had + been +过去分词

   被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不

变。

   归纳:

   肯定句:主语+be + 过去分词+(by ~)

   否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~)

   一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)?

   特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by ~)

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