ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÏÂÁÐÓйصç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖÐÁ£×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¹ØÏµÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢ÔÚ0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖУºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£© |
| B¡¢ÔÚ0.1mol?L-1Na2CO3ÈÜÒºÖУºc£¨OH-£©-c£¨H+£©¨Tc£¨HCO4-£©+2c£¨H2CO3£© |
| C¡¢Ïò0.2mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëµÈÌå»ý0.1mol?L-1NaOHÈÜÒº£ºc£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£© |
| D¡¢³£ÎÂÏ£¬pH=7µÄCH3COONaºÍCH3COOH»ìºÏÈÜÒº£ºc£¨Na+£©+c£¨CH3COO-£©¨Tc£¨H+£©+c£¨OH-£© |
¿¼µã£ºÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óСµÄ±È½Ï
רÌ⣺ÑÎÀàµÄË®½âרÌâ
·ÖÎö£ºA£®NaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖÐHCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚµçÀë³Ì¶Èµ¼ÖÂÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
B£®Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚÖÊ×ÓÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝÖÊ×ÓÊØºãÅжϣ»
C£®¶þÕß»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÊǵÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNaHCO3¡¢Na2CO3£¬CO32-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚHCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
D£®³£ÎÂÏÂpH=7µÄÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºãÅжϣ®
B£®Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚÖÊ×ÓÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝÖÊ×ÓÊØºãÅжϣ»
C£®¶þÕß»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÊǵÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNaHCO3¡¢Na2CO3£¬CO32-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚHCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
D£®³£ÎÂÏÂpH=7µÄÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºãÅжϣ®
½â´ð£º
½â£ºA£®NaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖÐHCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚµçÀë³Ì¶Èµ¼ÖÂÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨CO32-£©£¼c£¨H2CO3£©£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚÖÊ×ÓÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝÖÊ×ÓÊØºãµÃc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©+c£¨HCO4-£©+2c£¨H2CO3£©£¬ËùÒÔµÃc£¨OH-£©-c£¨H+£©¨Tc£¨HCO4-£©+2c£¨H2CO3£©£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®¶þÕß»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÊǵÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNaHCO3¡¢Na2CO3£¬CO32-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚHCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨CO32-£©£¼c£¨HCO3-£©£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®³£ÎÂÏÂpH=7µÄÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºãµÃc£¨Na+£©=c£¨CH3COO-£©£¬c£¨Na+£©=c£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬ÖÐÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐË®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈºÜС£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚc£¨Na+£©+c£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨H+£©+c£¨OH-£©¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹ÊÑ¡B£®
B£®Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚÖÊ×ÓÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝÖÊ×ÓÊØºãµÃc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©+c£¨HCO4-£©+2c£¨H2CO3£©£¬ËùÒÔµÃc£¨OH-£©-c£¨H+£©¨Tc£¨HCO4-£©+2c£¨H2CO3£©£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®¶þÕß»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÊǵÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNaHCO3¡¢Na2CO3£¬CO32-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚHCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨CO32-£©£¼c£¨HCO3-£©£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®³£ÎÂÏÂpH=7µÄÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºãµÃc£¨Na+£©=c£¨CH3COO-£©£¬c£¨Na+£©=c£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬ÖÐÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐË®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈºÜС£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚc£¨Na+£©+c£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨H+£©+c£¨OH-£©¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹ÊÑ¡B£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½Ï£¬Ã÷È·ÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖʼ°ÆäÐÔÖÊÊǽⱾÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢Òâ¶àÔªÈõËá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶ÈÒÀ´Î¼õС£¬ÖªµÀÈÜÒºÖдæÔڵĵçºÉÊØºã¡¢ÎïÁÏÊØºã¼°ÖÊ×ÓÊØºã£¬Áé»îÔËÓÃÊØºã˼Ïë½â´ðÎÊÌ⣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
ÔÚµç½âË®ÖÆÈ¡H2ºÍO2ʱ£¬ÎªÁËÔöÇ¿ÈÜÒºµÄµ¼µçÐÔ£¬³£³£Òª¼ÓÈëһЩµç½âÖÊ£¬×îºÃÑ¡ÓÃÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊÖе썡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢HCl |
| B¡¢MgSO4 |
| C¡¢CuSO4 |
| D¡¢NaCl |
ÏÂÁÐÎïÖʵÄÐÔÖÊ¡¢ÓÃ;ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢Å¨ÁòËᡢŨÏõËá¶¼¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬²»ÄÜÊ¢·ÅÔÚ½ðÊôÈÝÆ÷ÖÐ |
| B¡¢Na2SiO3ÊÇÖÆ±¸¹è½ººÍľ²Ä·À»ð¼ÁµÄÔÁÏ |
| C¡¢Ê³ÑοÉ×÷µ÷ζ¼Á£¬²»¿É×÷·À¸¯¼Á |
| D¡¢ºÏ½ðµÄÓ²¶È´ó£¬ÈÛµãÒ²¸ß |
ÏÂÁÐÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄ¹ØÏµÒ»¶¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÈõËáHAÓëÆä¼ØÑÎKAµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУº2c£¨K+£©=c£¨HA£©+c£¨A-£© |
| B¡¢pHÏàͬµÄCH3COONaÈÜÒº¡¢Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº¡¢KHCO3ÈÜÒº£ºc£¨K+£©£¾c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨Ba2+£© |
| C¡¢°±Ë®ÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÃµ½µÄËáÐÔÈÜÒº£ºc£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£© |
| D¡¢pH=3µÄÒ»ÔªËáHAÈÜÒººÍpH=11µÄÒ»Ôª¼îMOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£ºc£¨M+£©=c£¨A-£©£¾c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£© |
ÏÂÁÐÏÂÁл¯Ñ§ÓÃÓïÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢ÈýÂÈ»¯ÌúÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÌú·ÛFe3++Fe¨T2Fe2+ |
| B¡¢¹ýÑõ»¯ÄƵç×Óʽ£º |
| C¡¢Na+½á¹¹¼òͼ£º |
| D¡¢ÉÙÁ¿ÂÈÆøÍ¨Èëä廯ÑÇÌúÈÜÒºÖÐ2FeBr2+3Cl2¨T2FeCl3+2 Br2 |
| A¡¢¿ÉÓëäåË®·´Ó¦£¬ÇÒ1mol¸ÃÎïÖÊÓë×ãÁ¿äåË®·´Ó¦ÏûºÄ6molBr2 |
| B¡¢¿ÉÓëNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬1mol¸ÃÎïÖÊ¿ÉÓë5molNaOH·´Ó¦ |
| C¡¢Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏÂ1mol¸ÃÎïÖÊ¿ÉÓëH2¼Ó³É£¬ºÄH2×î´óÁ¿Îª6mol |
| D¡¢Î¬ÉúËØPÄÜ·¢ÉúË®½â·´Ó¦ |
ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢ÒÑÖª±ùµÄÈÛ»¯ÈÈΪ6.0 kJ/mol£¬±ùÖÐÇâ¼ü¼üÄÜΪ20 kJ/mol£¬¼ÙÉè1 mol±ùÖÐÓÐ2 mol Çâ¼ü£¬ÇÒÈÛ»¯ÈÈÍêÈ«ÓÃÓÚÆÆ»µ±ùµÄÇâ¼ü£¬Ôò×î¶àÖ»ÄÜÆÆ»µ±ùÖÐ15%µÄÇâ¼ü |
| B¡¢SO2¡¢SO3¶¼ÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó |
| C¡¢ÊµÑé²âµÃ»·¼ºÍ飨l£©¡¢»·¼ºÏ©£¨l£©ºÍ±½£¨l£©µÄ±ê׼ȼÉÕÈÈ·Ö±ðΪ-3916 kJ/mol¡¢-3747 kJ/molºÍ-3265 kJ/mol£¬¿ÉÒÔÖ¤Ã÷ÔÚ±½·Ö×ÓÖв»´æÔÚ¶ÀÁ¢µÄ̼̼˫¼ü |
| D¡¢½ðÊô¾ßÓеĹâÔóÊǽðÊôÎüÊÕ¹â×Ó¶ø·¢ÉúԾǨ·¢³öÌØ¶¨²¨³¤µÄ¹â²¨ |