ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
4£®£¨1£©ÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪ0.1mol/L£»V1µÄֵΪ25mL£®
£¨2£©BµãºÍDµãÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊ·Ö±ðÊÇNH4ClºÍHCl¡¢NH4ClºÍNH3•H2O£¨Ìѧʽ£©£®
£¨3£©ÔÚV£¨NH3•H2O£©´Ó0µ½V2 mLµÄ±ä»¯¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÈÜÒºÖв»¿ÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÅÅÐòÊÇBD£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©£®
A£®c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©
B£®c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©
C£®c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©
D£®c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄcË®£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©=$\frac{{K}_{w}}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}$£¬HClÍêÈ«µçÀ룬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©=c£¨HCl£©£¬Ëá»ò¼îÒÖÖÆË®µçÀ룬º¬ÓÐÈõÀë×ÓµÄÑδٽøË®µçÀ룬Ôò¶þÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ï§Ê±Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È×î´ó£¬ËùÒÔCµãÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ï§£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý£¨1£©Öª£¬CµãËá¼îÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬ÔòBµãÈÜÒºÖÐHCl¹ýÁ¿£¬DµãÈÜÒºÖÐһˮºÏ°±¹ýÁ¿£»
£¨3£©0µ½V2mLµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÓÉHClת»¯ÎªHClºÍÂÈ»¯ï§¡¢ÂÈ»¯ï§¡¢ÂÈ»¯ï§ºÍһˮºÏ°±£¬ÎÞÂÛÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÊÇʲô£¬¶¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄcË®£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©=$\frac{{K}_{w}}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}$£¬HClÍêÈ«µçÀ룬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©=c£¨HCl£©=$\frac{1{0}^{-14}}{1{0}^{-13}}$mol/L=0.1mol/L£¬Ëá»ò¼îÒÖÖÆË®µçÀ룬º¬ÓÐÈõÀë×ÓµÄÑδٽøË®µçÀ룬Ôò¶þÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ï§Ê±Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È×î´ó£¬ËùÒÔCµãÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ÒòΪһˮºÏ°±ºÍHCl¶¼ÊÇÒ»ÔªµÄ£¬ÇÒ¶þÕßŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬ËùÒÔÌå»ýÏàµÈ£¬Îª25mL£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.1mol/L£»25£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý£¨1£©Öª£¬CµãËá¼îÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬ÔòBµãÈÜÒºÖÐHCl¹ýÁ¿£¬DµãÈÜÒºÖÐһˮºÏ°±¹ýÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔBDµãÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊ·Ö±ðΪNH4ClºÍHCl¡¢NH4ClºÍNH3•H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNH4ClºÍHCl£»NH4ClºÍNH3•H2O£»
£¨3£©0µ½V2mLµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÓÉHClת»¯ÎªHClºÍÂÈ»¯ï§¡¢ÂÈ»¯ï§¡¢ÂÈ»¯ï§ºÍһˮºÏ°±£¬ÎÞÂÛÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÊÇʲô£¬¶¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£¬
A£®Èç¹ûÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ï§¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âµ¼ÖÂÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÇÒ笠ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È½ÏС£¬ËùÒÔ´æÔÚc£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬¹ÊA²»Ñ¡£»
B£®Èç¹ûÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºãµÃc£¨NH4+£©£¼c£¨Cl-£©£¬¹ÊBÑ¡£»
C£®Èç¹ûÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºãµÃc£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¬Èç¹ûÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪһˮºÏ°±ºÍÂÈ»¯ï§£¬ÇÒÂÈ»¯ï§µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿´óÓÚһˮºÏ°±µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬Ôò´æÔÚc£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬¹ÊC²»Ñ¡£»
D£®c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©²»×ñѵçºÉÊØºã£¬ËùÒÔ¸ÃÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС˳Ðò²»´æÔÚ£¬¹ÊDÑ¡£»
¹ÊÑ¡BD£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éËá¼î»ìºÏÈÜÒº¶¨ÐÔÅжϣ¬Îª¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬²àÖØ¿¼²éѧÉúͼÏó·ÖÎöÅжÏÄÜÁ¦£¬Ã÷ȷÿһµã¶ÔÓ¦ÈÜÖʳɷּ°ÆäÐÔÖÊÊǽⱾÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢ÒâËá»ò¼îÖÐË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨OH-£©¡¢c£¨H+£©¼ÆËã·½·¨£¬ÎªÒ×´íµã£®
| A£® | ¹²¼Û»¯ºÏÎïÔÚҺ̬ʱ²»Äܵ¼µç | |
| B£® | ·Ç¼«ÐÔ¼üÒ²¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚÓÚÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎïÖÐ | |
| C£® | Ë«Ô×Ó·Ö×ÓÖеĹ²¼Û¼ü£¬Ò»¶¨ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ¼ü | |
| D£® | ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬Óֽз¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£¬Ëü±È»¯Ñ§¼üÒªÈõµÃ¶à |
| A£® | 1molSÓëÌúÍêÈ«·´Ó¦×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪNA | |
| B£® | 32g 02ºÍ32g O3Ëùº¬Ô×ÓÊý¾ùΪ2NA | |
| C£® | ÔÚ³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬22.4LNH3Ëùº¬Ô×ÓÊýΪNA | |
| D£® | ÔÚ±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬2.24LË®Ëùº¬·Ö×ÓÊýΪ0.1NA |
| ¢Ù | ¢Ú | ¢Û |
| ½«Ìú¶¤·ÅÈëÁòËáÍÈÜÒºÖÐ | ÏòÁòËáÑÇÌúÈÜÒºÖеÎÈ뼸µÎŨÏõËá | ½«Ìú¶¤·ÅÈëÂÈ»¯ÌúÈÜÒºÖÐ |
| A£® | ʵÑé¢ÙºÍ¢ÛÖеÄÌú¶¤Ö»×÷»¹Ô¼Á | |
| B£® | ÉÏÊöʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£ºFe3+£¾Fe2+£¾Cu2+ | |
| C£® | ʵÑé¢ÚÖУ¬µ±×ªÒÆ0.2molµç×Óʱ£¬ÓÐ0.1molµÄFe2+±»Ñõ»¯ | |
| D£® | ʵÑé¢ÛÖз´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºFe+Fe3+¨T2Fe2+ |
| A£® | 10¡æ3mol/LµÄÑÎËáÈÜÒº | B£® | 20¡æ2mol/LµÄÑÎËáÈÜÒº | ||
| C£® | 20¡æ2mol/LµÄÑÎËáÈÜÒº | D£® | 20¡æ4mol/LµÄÑÎËáÈÜÒº |
| A£® | 2 ÖÖ | B£® | 4 ÖÖ | C£® | 8 ÖÖ | D£® | 16 ÖÖ |
| X | Y | ||
| Z | W |
| A£® | ³£ÎÂÏ£¬ËÄÖÖÔªËØµ¥ÖÊÖУ¬È«²¿ÊǹÌÌå | |
| B£® | ZµÄÑôÀë×ÓÓëYµÄÒõÀë×Óµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹Ïàͬ | |
| C£® | XµÄÆøÌ¬Ç⻯Îï±ÈYµÄÆøÌ¬Ç⻯ÎïÎȶ¨ | |
| D£® | WÔªËØÔ×Ó°ë¾¶±ÈZÔªËØÔ×Ó°ë¾¶´ó |
| A£® | ±½·Ö×ӵĽṹÖÐÁù¸ö̼Ô×ÓµÄÁ¬½Ó·½Ê½Êǵ¥Ë«½¨½»Ìæ×é³ÉµÄ»·×´ | |
| B£® | ±½Öк¬ÓÐ̼̼˫¼ü£¬ËùÒÔ±½ÊôÓÚÏ©Ìþ | |
| C£® | ±½·Ö×ÓÖÐ6¸ö̼̼»¯Ñ§¼üÍêÈ«Ïàͬ | |
| D£® | ±½¿ÉÒÔÓëäåË®¡¢¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒº·´Ó¦¶øÊ¹ËüÃÇÍÊÉ« |