ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
6£®I£®¼×´¼ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÔÙÉúÄÜÔ´£¬¾ßÓпª·¢ºÍÓ¦ÓõĹãÀ«Ç°¾°£¬Ñо¿¼×´¼¾ßÓÐÖØÒªÒâÒ壮¹¤ÒµÉÏ¿ÉÓÃCO2ºÍH2ÖÆÈ¡¼×´¼£¬ÒÑÖªÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯Í¼£ºÔòÓɶþÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍÇâÆøÖÆ±¸¼×´¼µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©+H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-50KJ/mol
II£®ÈçͼËùʾµÄËĸöÈÝÆ÷ÖзֱðÊ¢Óв»Í¬µÄÈÜÒº£¬ÆäÖÐc¡¢d¡¢e¡¢g¡¢hΪʯīµç¼«£¬fΪFe°ô£®¼×ΪÁ×ËáÌúï®¶¯Á¦µç³ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸ßЧ³¤ÊÙÃüµÄ¶þ´Îµç³Ø£¬Æä¹¤×÷ÔÀíΪ£º
C6Li+FePO4 $?_{³äµç}^{·Åµç}$C6Li£¨1-x£©+xLiFePO4+£¨1-x£©FePO4
±ÕºÏK·¢ÏÖgµç¼«¸½½üµÄÈÜÒºÏȱäºì£¬20minºó£¬½«K¶Ï¿ª£¬´Ëʱc¡¢dÁ½¼«ÉϲúÉúµÄÆøÌåÌå»ýÏàͬ£¬¾Ý´Ë»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©aΪµç³ØÕý¼«£¨ÌîÕý»ò¸º£©£¬Æä·¢ÉúµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºxLi++xFePO4+xe-¨TxLiFePO4+£¨1-x£©FePO4£®
£¨2£©ÔÚ¶¡×°ÖÃÖз¢ÉúµÄ×Ü·´Ó¦»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º2NaCl+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+Cl2¡ü+H2¡ü£®
£¨3£©µç½âÖÁ20minʱ£¬Í£Ö¹µç½â£¬´ËʱҪʹÒÒÖÐÈÜÒº»Ö¸´µ½ÔÀ´µÄ״̬£¬ÐèÒª¼ÓÈëµÄÎïÖÊ¿ÉÒÔÊÇB£¨A£®CuO¡¢H2O B£®Cu£¨OH£©2 C£®Cu2£¨OH£©2CO3£©ÆäÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇ0.1mol£®20minºó½«ÒÒ×°ÖÃÓëÆäËû×°ÖöϿª£¬È»ºóÔÚc¡¢dÁ½¼«¼äÁ¬½ÓÉÏÁéÃôµçÁ÷¼Æ£¬·¢ÏÖµçÁ÷¼ÆÖ¸ÕëÆ«×ª£¬dµç¼«ÉÏ·¢ÉúµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£º4H++NO3-+3e-=NO+2H2O£®
·ÖÎö I£®ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬¢ÙCO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©¡÷H=-41KJ/mol£¬
¢ÚCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©¡÷H=-91KJ/mol£¬
½áºÏ¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ¢Ú-¢ÙµÃµ½CO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©+H2O£¨l£©£»
II£®¼×³ØÊÇÔµç³Ø×öµçÔ´£¬·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºC6Li+FePO4 $?_{³äµç}^{·Åµç}$C6Li£¨1-x£©+xLiFePO4+£¨1-x£©FePO4£»ÒÒ¡¢±û¡¢¶¡Êǵç½â³Ø£¬±ÕºÏK£¬·¢ÏÖgµç¼«¸½½üµÄÈÜÒº±äºì£¬ËµÃ÷gµç¼«Êǵç½â³ØµÄÒõ¼«£¬hÊǵç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£»ËùÒÔaΪÕý¼«£¬bΪ¸º¼«£»cµç¼«ÎªÒõ¼«£¬dΪÑô¼«£»eµç¼«ÎªÒõ¼«£¬fΪÑô¼«£»20minºó£¬½«K¶Ï¿ª£¬´Ëʱc¡¢dÁ½¼«ÉϲúÉúµÄÆøÌåÌå»ýÏàͬ£¬ÒÒÖз¢ÉúÒõ¼«·´Ó¦ÎªCu2++2e-=Cu¡¢2H++2e-=H2¡ü£¬Ñô¼«·´Ó¦Îª4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü£¬±ûÖеç½âË®£¬¶¡ÖÐÑô¼«·´Ó¦Îª2Cl--2e-=Cl2¡ü£¬Òõ¼«·´Ó¦Îª2H2O+2e-=2OH-+H2¡ü£¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´½â´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£ºI£®ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬¢ÙCO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©¡÷H=-41KJ/mol£¬
¢ÚCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©¡÷H=-91KJ/mol£¬
½áºÏ¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ¢Ú-¢ÙµÃµ½CO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©+H2O£¨l£©£¬
ÔòÓɶþÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍÇâÆøÖÆ±¸¼×´¼µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©+H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-50KJ/mol£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©+H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-50KJ/mol£»
II£®£¨1£©ÓÉÉÏÊö·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬aΪÕý¼«£¬Õý¼«·´Ó¦ÎªxLi++xFePO4+xe-¨TxLiFePO4+£¨1-x£©FePO4£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÕý£»xLi++xFePO4+xe-¨TxLiFePO4+£¨1-x£©FePO4£»
£¨2£©ÔÚ¶¡×°ÖÃÖз¢ÉúµÄ×Ü·´Ó¦»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2NaCl+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+Cl2¡ü+H2¡ü£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2NaCl+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2NaOH+Cl2¡ü+H2¡ü£»
£¨3£©ÒÒÖз¢ÉúÒõ¼«·´Ó¦ÎªCu2++2e-=Cu¡¢2H++2e-=H2¡ü£¬Ñô¼«·´Ó¦Îª4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü£¬ÏõËáÍΪ0.1mol£¬ÉèÉú³ÉÆøÌå¾ùΪxmol£¬Ôò4x=2x+0.1¡Á2£¬x=0.1mol£¬ËùÒÔµç·Öеç×Ó×ªÒÆ×ÜÊýΪ0.4mol£¬µç½âʱÉú³É0.1molÇâÆø¡¢0.1molÑõÆøºÍ0.1molCu£¬ÈôʹÒÒÖÐÈÜÒº»Ö¸´µ½ÔÀ´µÄ״̬£¬ÐèÒª¼ÓÈë0.1molCu£¨OH£©2£¬
20minºó½«ÒÒ×°ÖÃÓëÆäËû×°ÖöϿª£¬È»ºóÔÚc¡¢dÁ½¼«¼äÁ¬½ÓÉÏÁéÃôµçÁ÷¼Æ£¬·¢ÏÖµçÁ÷¼ÆÖ¸ÕëÆ«×ª£¬cÉÏÎö³öCu×÷¸º¼«£¬dΪʯī×÷Õý¼«£¬Õý¼«ÉÏÏõËá¸ùÀë×ӵõ½µç×ÓÉú³ÉNO£¬dµç¼«ÉÏ·¢ÉúµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª4H++NO3-+3e-=NO+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºB£»0.1mol£»4H++NO3-+3e-=NO+2H2O£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é·´Ó¦ÈÈÓëìʱ䡢µç»¯Ñ§£¬Îª¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬°ÑÎÕͼÖÐÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯¡¢¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÓ¦Óᢵ缫·´Ó¦Îª½â´ðµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬²àÖØ·ÖÎöÓëÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬×ÛºÏÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£®
| A£® | ͬһÖÜÆÚÔªËØÐγɵļòµ¥Àë×ӵİ뾶´Ó×óµ½ÓÒÒÀ´Î¼õС | |
| B£® | Ö÷×åÔªËØµÄ×î¸ßÕý¼Û¾ùµÈÓÚÆä×åÐòÊý | |
| C£® | ÔªËØµÄ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ¡¢½ðÊôÐÔÓëÔªËØÔ×ÓÔÚÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÖеÃʧµç×ÓÊýÄ¿µÄ¶àÉÙÎÞ¹Ø | |
| D£® | ÔªËØµÄ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬ÆäÆøÌ¬Ç⻯ÎïµÄ»¹ÔÐÔÔ½Èõ£¬ÆäÆøÌ¬Ç⻯ÎïµÄËáÐÔÒ²Ô½Èõ |
| A£® | 2.3gÄÆÓÉÔ×Ó±ä³ÉÀë×Óʱ£¬Ê§È¥µÄµç×ÓÊýΪ0.2 NA | |
| B£® | 0.2 NA¸öÁòËá·Ö×ÓÓë19.6gÁ×ËᣨH3PO4£©º¬ÓÐÏàͬµÄÑõÔ×ÓÊý | |
| C£® | 28gµªÆøËùº¬µÄÔ×ÓÊýΪNA | |
| D£® | NA¸öÑõ·Ö×ÓÓëNA¸öÇâ·Ö×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈΪ8£º1 |
| A£® | O¡¢Na¡¢S | B£® | I¡¢Br¡¢Cl | C£® | Al¡¢Si¡¢P | D£® | Li¡¢Na¡¢K |
| A£® | Á¿Í² | B£® | Õô·¢Ãó | C£® | ÉÕÆ¿ | D£® | ·ÖҺ©¶· |
| A£® | Æû³µÎ²ÆøÖк¬ÓеĵªÑõ»¯ÎïÊÇÆûÓͲ»ÍêȫȼÉÕÔì³ÉµÄ | |
| B£® | ¹âµ¼ÏËά¡¢Ì¼ÏËά¡¢¾Ûõ¥ÏËά¶¼ÊÇÐÂÐÍÎÞ»ú·Ç½ðÊô²ÄÁÏ | |
| C£® | PM2.5£¨¿ÅÁ£Ö±¾¶½Ó½ü2.5¡Á10-6m£©·ÖÉ¢ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐÄܹ»²úÉú¶¡´ï¶ûЧӦ | |
| D£® | ÒÔÒº»¯Ê¯ÓÍÆø´úÌæÈ¼ÓͿɼõÉÙ´óÆøÎÛȾ |
¢ÙÎȶ¨ÐÔ£ºHCl£¾H2S£¾PH3
¢ÚÀë×Ó°ë¾¶£ºO2-£¾F-£¾Na+£¾Mg2+£¾Al3+
¢Û¼îÐÔ£ºNaOH£¾KOH£¾Ca£¨OH£©2£¾Mg£¨OH£©2
¢Ü×î¸ß»¯ºÏ¼Û£ºCl£¾Si£¾Al£¾F
¢Ý·Ðµã£ºHF£¾HCl£¾HBr£¾HI£®
| A£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Ü¢Ý | B£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Ü | C£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Ý | D£® | ¢Ù¢Ü¢Ý |
| A£® | Ë®½âÄÜÁ¦²»Í¬ | B£® | Ksp²»Í¬ | C£® | ÈܽâµÄËٶȲ»Í¬ | D£® | Ëá¼îÐÔ²»Í¬ |
| A£® | ijͬѧµÄÌå¼ì±¨¸æµ¥ÏÔʾÆäѪҺÖÐÆÏÌÑÌǺ¬Á¿Îª4.94mmol/L£¬mmol/LÊÇÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄµ¥Î» | |
| B£® | ʯÓÍÊǸ´ÔӵĻìºÏÎͨ¹ý·ÖÁó¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃÆûÓÍ¡¢ÃºÓ͵ȣ¬Í¨¹ý´ß»¯ÖØÕû¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃÒÒÏ©¡¢±ûÏ©µÈ | |
| C£® | ×ÔÈ»½çÖеķ½Ç¦¿ó£¨PbS£©£¬ÓöÉÏCuSO4ÈÜÒº»áÂýÂý±ä³ÉÍÀ¶£¨CuS£©ËµÃ÷Ksp£¨PbS£©£¾Ksp£¨CuS£© | |
| D£® | Ë®²£Á§ÊÇÖÆ±¸Ä¾²Ä·À»ð¼ÁµÄÔÁÏ£¬ÆäÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊǶþÑõ»¯¹è |