2.作表语
We are excited at the news.
The news he told us is exciting.
分词是动词非谓语形式的一种,包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示:主动,动作正在进行。过去分词表示:被动,动作已经完成。
(一)分词的作用
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如:
1.作定语
Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
Have you read the book written by Lu Xun?
5. 完成被动式to have been done
例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
4. 被动式to be done
例如:The work is to be done soon.
3. 完成式to have done
例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.
2. 进行式to be doing
例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.
1. 一般式to do
例如:I like to read English.
4.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如:(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.
(不定式作宾语)
(2) How to use the machine is a question.
(不定式作主语)
(3) The question is when to go there.
(不定式作表语)
(二)动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种:
3.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形
例如: He asked me not to make such a mistake.
6. 作状语
He stopped to have a look.