3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。
例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.
2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.
1． 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。
例如：I saw the young man enter the house.(同时发生)
I hope to go there next time.(之后发生)
动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。
动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.
(作主语)
⑵ My job is looking after children.
(作表语)
⑶ I have finished reading the novel.
(作宾语)
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.
(做定语)
动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如：
He made me angry by not taking the medicine.
动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：
Would you mind my opening the door?
动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。
例如：
We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)
Do you remember meeting me there?(在谓语动词前发生)
动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：
I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.
She attended the party without being invited.
第二节 实战演练
(五)分词独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：
Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the room.
(四)分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.
Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.
(三)现在分词的被动式
被动一般式 being done
被动完成式 having been done
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.
Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.
(二)分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：
Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.
现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。例如：
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
4．作状语
While lying in bed, he listened to some music.
Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
3．作宾语补足语
I heard him singing a song in the classroom.
We found the ground covered with snow.