•Governments should be
80.______ to protect their peoples' future welfare from ourselves.
Section B (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the
information given
in the passage.
Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong
and healthy. Low levels of vitamin D can lead to problems like rickets(佝偻病)and osteoporosis (骨质疏松). Rickets is a deformity
mainly found in children. Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone, a common
problem as people, especially women, get older.
Studies have suggested that vitamin D may also
have other uses. Studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D may increase
the risk of heart attacks and deaths from some cancers. Other studies have
shown that people with rheumatic diseases(风湿病)often have low levels of vitamin D.
The easiest way to get vitamin D is from
sunlight. The ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce the vitamin.
But many people worry about skin cancer and skin damage from the sun.
Darker skinned people produce less vitamin D
than lighter skinned people. Production also decreases in older people and
those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.
Not many foods naturally contain vitamin D.
Foods with high levels include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and mackerel, and
fish liver oils.
The researchers reported in 2007 that farmed
salmon had a lot less vitamin D than wild salmon.Small amounts of vitamin D are
found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks. And some people take dietary supplements
containing the vitamin. But most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes
from foods like milk with the vitamin added.
These days, more
doctors are testing for vitamin D levels in their patients. But as research continues,
some experts worry that too much vitamin D might act as a poison. Also, skin
doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure.
How much vitamin D does a healthy person need?
Nutrition experts advised the American government to set the current
recommendations in 1997. It set the daily amount at two hundred from birth
through age fifty. It sets the level at four hundred international units from
age fifty through age seventy, and six hundred for age seventy-one and over.
"But some groups say these amounts are not high enough".
81. What will happen to
the bone if a woman suffers from osteoporosis? (No more than 4 words) (2 marks)
______________________________________________________________________.
)，并在其下面写出该加的词。