2.-Why did you leave that position?

-I __ a better position at IBM.

A. offer　　　　　　　　　　 B. offered　　

C. am offered　　　　　　　 D. was offered

[错解]　 C

[纠错心得] 动词offer常用在offereb.sth.结构中，这里主语是I，故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选D。

[答案] D

5.-Thank goodness, you are here! What__ you?

-Traffic jam.

A. keeps　　　　　　　　　 B. is keeping　

C. had kept　　　　　　　　 D. kept

[错解]　 C

[纠错心得] 根据语义You’re here(你终于到了)，那么后面是叙述在到达之前所发生的事情，说明动作已经终止，用一般过去时。如果说强调对现在的影响，也只能是现在完成时，所以C项是错误的。

[答案] D

易错角度 2　 主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法

1　 Millions of pounds’　 worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

A. has been caused　　　　 B. had been caused　

C. will be caused　　　　　 D. will have been caused

[错解]　 B

[纠错心得] 损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时的B项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情，但由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。

[答案] A

4. -The window is dirty.

-I know. It　　　 for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned　　　　　 B. didn’t clean　　

C. wasn’t cleaned　　　　　 D. hasn’t been cleaned

[错解]　 B

[纠错心得] 题干中的时间状语for weeks是某段时间。根据后者所说:我知道，它已经好几周没擦了。窗户应该是被擦，而且过去的动作影响到现在，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。

[答案] D

3. -Has Sam finished his homework today?

-I have no idea. He __ it this morning.

A. did　　　　　　　　　　 B. has done　　

　C. was doing　　　　　　　 D. had done

[错解]　 A

[纠错心得] 这里的时间状语this moring很容易让考生误选一般过去时。句意为:Sam今天写完作业了吗?我不知道，他今天上午在做着呢。应该使用过去进行时，表示上午当时正做着，但不知是否完成。状语this moming前加上by，则可用过去完成时。

[答案] C

易错角度 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法

1 He was hoping to go abroad but his parents __ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A. were deciding 　　　　　　B. have decided

　C. decided　　　　　　　　　 D. will decide

[错解]　 C

[纠错心得] 前面的was hoping有很大的干扰，考生以为是过去的动作，从而错选C。but之后的句意为:他的父母决定，除非他从银行借钱，否则他们是不会支持的。那么是已经决定，过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响，符合现在完成时的含义与用法。

[答案] B

2. They __　 on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we　　　 it as no good results have come out so far.

A. had been working; are still working

B. had worked; were still working

C. have been working; have worked

D. have worked; are still working

[纠错心得] 本题有两个不同的语境。前者是在我加入以前他们已经干了一个星期，是过去的过去，用过去完成时；后者则用现在进行时来表示目前仍然处于的状态。时间状语so far是修饰动作come out的。

[答案] A

3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。

例18is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years.

A. It; are heldB. As; take place C. That; happen?D. As; break out

[解析]本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic ... 整个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。

2. 一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。

常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。

请同学们看下面一道题：

例16The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours.

A. was tasted； was sold B. tasted； was sold C. was tasted； sold D. tasted； would sell

[解析]根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。

上题可以变化如下：

例17The roast dark which Mr and Mrs White prepared_______well.

A. sold　　 B. had been sold 　C. was sold　 D. would sell

[解析]此题中sell表示“卖得……”，要用主动语态，根据prepared，答案为A。在英语里，wash, wear, write等词也用主动形式表示被动意思，如：This kind of shoes wear well.(这种鞋子很耐穿)。

1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。

常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。

2．现成完成进行时

主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。

例15Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered B. has been considering C. consider D. is going to consider

[解析]因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定,所以答案为B。

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：

现在完成时：完成性　　　强调动作的结果

现在完成进行时：未完成性　动作在不久前持续进行的情景

考点四、 主动表示被动的三种情况

1．现成完成时

(1)考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果

例12Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.

A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved

[解析]尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断出医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。

(2)考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作

例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served

[解析]此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。

例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.

A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing

[解析]句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。