4．as was expected　　　　　 正如预料的那样

3．as is well known　　　　 众所周知

2．as may be imagined　　　 正如可以想象出来的那样

2．　 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子(即先行词)，可置于句首或句末。

　This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

　Mary was late for school, as often happened.

As is known to all, the earth is round.

★　　　 as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别

as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：

　　 1．as has been said before　 　如上所述

1．　 as常出现在the same…as, such…as, so…as, as…as 等结构中

This is not such a book as I expected.

I live in the same building as he (lives in).

　 Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

　 As many children as came here were my father’s pupils.

★　　　 the same…that…和the same…as…的区别

I have bought the same watch as you have.

我买了一块和你一样的手表。(我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。)

This is the same watch that I lost.

　 这就是我丢的那块手表。(这手表和我丢的手表是同一块)

2．　 下列情况不能使用that,而用which

① that 不能引导非限制性定语从句

Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

② that不能置于介词之后(介词后指物用which,指人用whom)

The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher.

The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.

We should do everything that we can to help the disabled.

A. everything B. whatever C. what D. all above

2) 限制性定语从句不能用that, 其区分的意义在于：

The tourist, who knew about the storm, stayed in the hotel.　 (all the tourist)

The tourist who knew about the storm stayed in the hotel.　 (only some tourists)

The weather forecast said there would be no rain, which turned out to be not true.

3) 含有介词的关系词，只能用which; 如果介词不在关系词前则不受限制。

Do you know the person your brother writes to?

4) Whose在从句中既可以指人也可以指物, 注意与which的转换: 名词/代词/数词+介词+which。

They lived in a house, whose roof was broken.

=They lived in a house, the roof of which was broken.

5) 关系代词Which/that还是关系副词where/when？取决于关系词在从句中充当什么成分。

This is the factory where we worked last year. (where=in the factory)

6) 区分It is/was…that…强调句与带有定语从句的复合句。方法是去掉it is 和that,剩余的仍然是一个完整的句子。

It was at the theatre that Lincoln was murdered.

It was the theatre where Lincoln was murdered.

7)　 有时候，标点符号也能影响句子结构。这是英语句子的联结手段决定的。

Yesterday I got a letter from Li, which said that he was getting along well with his studies.

Yesterday I got a letter from Li. It said that he was getting along well with his studies.

Yesterday I got a letter from Li, and it said that he was getting along well with his studies.

8) 定冠词能够影响句子的结构。

Mr Smith is one of the foreigners who are working in China.

Mr Smith is the one of the foreigners who is working in China.

Is this factory the one you visited last week?

Is this the factory you visited last week？

9) As 和which的用法：

1)可以修饰整个句子；2)从句位置不同；3)有互换的可能。

　 Newton was a great scientist,　　　 　is well known. A. whom　 B. as C. that　 D. which

　 As is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.

　 The computer is more and more widely used in our life, which encourages us to study harder.

As we have found in the last two years, this matter has something different from others.

All we did has been proved, as it is.

10)　 含有介词短语的动词一般不能分开。

The children whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.

The two elements which water consists of are oxygen and hydrogen.

比较：The apartment in which we had lived twenty years was pulled down finally.

11)　 关系代词that在定与从句中做介词宾语时，介词不能位于其前。

He is the teacher that I borrowed the dictionary from.

He is the teacher from whom I borrowed the dictionary.

12)　 定与从句与状语从句、名词从句的辨别。注意对从句性质的判断，据此来选择适当连词。

(1)what=all that； whatever=anything that ;

You have got what you need, what else do you want?

You have got everything (that) you need, what else do you want?

You will surely failed whatever you do now.

(2)whoever=anyone who;

Whoever breaks the rule will surely be punished.

Anyone who breaks the rule will surely be punished.

(3)why=the reason why；

Could you tell me why you were late yesterday?

Could you tell me the reason why you were late yesterday?

(4)同位语从句：

The fact that he spoke at the meeting astonished us.

13)　 Reason; doubt; time; place 做先行词

This is the reason that he gave us why he was so late.

I have no doubt that he would like to go with us.

There is still a doubt whether he could come to.

This is the place we visited last month.

14)　 Same; such与as/that

8．　　 定语从句

1) 关系代词that 和which指物，当先行词为all, everything, nothing, little, anything等不定代词时，或有序数词、最高级、先行词含有人和物、用who开头的疑问句、先行词前有the only, the very, the right, just the, 以及两个定语从句(包含关系)为避免重复的情况下，等，则只用that。

① 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时

There is nothing ( that ) I can do.

I mean the one that was brought yesterday.

That’s all I want to say.

② 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时

　 I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

　 You may take home any of these books that you like.

③ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

　 This is the first composition (that)he has written in English.

　 This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.

④先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修饰时

　 The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like.

　 This is the very book (that) I want to find.

　 The last place( that) we visited was the hospital.

　 This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.

⑤　　 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导

　 (that既可指人也可指物)

　　 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

9．　 That 的用法(形式主/宾语)

(19)We think it important ____ college students should master at least one foreign language. A. which B. what C. that D. why

(20) What made her mother so angry? ____ the exam. A. because she didn’t pass B. she not passing C. that she didn’t pass D. because of her not passing

8．　 What活用

(17) The ancient map was found in ____ we call Hebei Province now. A. which B. what C. that D. where

(18) This book will show you ___ you have learned in one subject can be applied in other subjects.

7．　 介词宾语

(15) They always give the free tickets to _ comes first. A. whomever B. whoever C. that D. what

(16) Give the money to __ you think is badly in need of. A. whomever B. any one who C. anyone D. whoever