6．　　 何种情况下出现动名词/不定式? (介词； 动词；such as…; 做主语，etc.)

1)　　　 只接 “动名词”做宾语的词：

2)　　　 只接“不定式”的动词：

seem, expect, hope, wish, want, decide, offer, manage, dare, agree, promise, pretend, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend;

“不定式加连词”show, teach, tell, advise, decide, discuss, find out, etc.

Please show me how to get the result.

We have not decided whether to go to his party.

3)两者皆可

忘记停止打算试，害怕继续悔偏爱，意欲愿意有困难。(此处单词为听写内容， ----注)Remember, , forget,　 regret; stop; go on; be afraid; prefer; mean; try; help(can’t help); feel like doing/ would like to do; have difficulty in doing/to do;

4) require, demand, want, need, be worth主动形式被动意义)

5．　　 非谓语动词(参考资料)

非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。 一、分析句子结构 1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. ____many times , he still couldn't understand it . A. Having been told . B. Told　C. He was told D. Though he had been told 3. ________to the left , you'll find the post office . 4. If you ________to the left , you'll find the post office . 5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子成分，故选C。 句2. 句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，非谓语动词作状语。 句3. 同句2，选A 。 句4. 前面用if 引导从句，故选C ，构成从句谓语。 句5. 同句1，选C。 二、分析逻辑主语 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。 1. ________no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being　 2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home . 分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。句2. 同理选D。 三、分析语态 分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 1. ______from space , the earth looks blue . 2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See 这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 分析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2. 我们“主动看……”即表主动，故选B。 3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside . 4. _____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed 分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是“the dirty clothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故选B。 句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语“the girl”，表示“女孩洗衣服”，为主动关系，故选D。 四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。 1. The building ______now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B.to be built　 C. being built D. built　 句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。 句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。 句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。 又如： 1. He stood there______for his mother . 2. ______for two hours , he went away . A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited 句1表示“站在那等”，两个动词同时发生，故选A作伴随状语。 句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词“went away ”之前，故用完成式，选D 。 需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。如： What is the reason for ______there ? A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go

12．In the past few years we have built seven highways.

By the end of last year he had learned two thousand words.

So far I have known he is a false friend.

By the time you got there he will have left.

6)　 主动语态表被动: prove; blame; sell; turn out; require; result from;

11．Go straight and you will see a post across the street.

10．It will be long before we take over the city.

　　　　　　 It was several years before construction of the building was started..

9．　 I didn’t think you were coming today.

8．　 It is necessary that we should learn hard so as to pass the examination.

7．　 He didn’t see the result until he left.

It was not until then that he knew he had been cheated.

6．　 The man seems as if he had been there many times

I would have seen the film if I had had time yesterday.(虚拟语气)

5．　 The manager will see you if he is free tomorrow.