??worth 的用法
worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词,意为"值得"。
1). worth: be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时,表示"…… 值得……"
常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth(someone’s)while doing
be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。
2). worthy:be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3). worthwhile: be worthwhile to do sth "值得做某事"
It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐
?考试重点:分词在句中的作用;现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别;现在分词和过去分词的区别;分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致;分词的独立主格;with(without)引导的分词的独立结构。 -ING分词是指由动词原形+-ING构成的、具有完成时态和被动语态的一种非谓语动词形式,具体形式如下:
|
主动形式 |
被动形式 |
现在式 |
doing |
being done |
过去时 |
|
Done |
完成时 |
having done |
having been done |
就其语法功能而言,它可以作表语、补足语、状语和定语。 一、分词在句中的作用 1、She was sitting in an armchair _____ a book. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. to have read (答案:A。分词短语在句中做伴随状语。) 2、_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as well. A. Not know B. Know not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing ( 答案:D。分词做原因状语) 3、They all returned to the village _____ that the danger was over. A. convincing B. convinced C. to convince D. having convinced (答案:B。过去分词做伴随状语)(1997年57题) 4、We kept our _____ all night to frighten the wolves. A. burning fire B. burnt fire C fire burning D. fire burnt (答案:C。现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行) 二、现在分词和过去分词的区别 1、She told me that it was the most _____ gift her daughter had received. A. delighting B. delighted C. delights D. delight (答案:A。现在分词修饰的是事物,常译作“令人……”,具有主动、进行的意思。过去分词修饰人,常译作“感到……”,具有被动、完成的概念。又如:a moved audience:受感动的观众。) 2、My parents are _____ with my progress. A. please B. pleased C. pleasing D. being pleased (答案:B。) ??
(五)stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区别 动名词表示停下或继续正在做的事情;不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。 1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____. A. on rest B. at rest C. resting D. to rest (答案:D。“to rest”作目的状语,意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息”。) 2、Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy. A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched (答案:C) 3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to go on _____ like that? A. talking B. to talk C. doing talking D. talk (答案:A) (六)remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区别 remember, forget + doing sth:表示动作发生在过去。 remember, forget +to do sth:表示动作尚未发生。 1、Don’t forget _____ the window before leaving the room. A. to have closed B. to close C. having closed D. closing (答案:B。to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作) 2、I remember giving the letter to him. 我记得把信给他了。(giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。) (七)have sth done 和 have sb do sth的用法 1、We are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging (答案:C。have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。) 2、I’ll _____ that I’m a qualified engineer. A. have you know B. have known you C. have you knowing D. have you known (答案:A。表示让某人做某事。)
I have my clothes ____ ,so I am busy.
A washed
B to be washed
C wash
D washing
I have my clothes washed, so I am free.
I have my girlfriend wash my clothes ??
考试重点:动名词的逻辑主语,完成式,被动式,否定式;动名词做介词的宾语,有时介词可省略;“to”的作用。 基本形式:
|
主动形式 |
被动形式 |
一般时 |
doing |
being done |
完成时 |
having done |
having been done |
在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:
admit
承认 |
appreciate
感激 |
avoid
避免 |
complete完成 |
consider认为 |
delay
耽误 |
deny
否认 |
detest
讨厌 |
endure
忍受 |
enjoy
喜欢 |
escape
逃脱 |
fancy
想象 |
finish
完成 |
imagine
想象 |
mind
介意 |
miss
想念 |
postpone推迟 |
practice
训练 |
recall
回忆 |
resent
讨厌 |
resume
继续 |
resist
抵抗 |
risk
冒险 |
suggest
建议 |
face
面对 |
include
包括 |
stand
忍受 |
understand
理解 |
forgive
宽恕 |
keep
继续 |
admit
to |
prefer…to |
be
used to |
lead
to |
devote
oneself to |
object
to |
stick
to |
no
good |
no
use |
be
fond of |
look
forward to |
be
proud of |
be
busy |
can't
help |
be
tired of |
be
capable of |
be
afraid of |
think
of |
burst
out |
keep
on |
insist
on |
count
on |
set
about |
|
put
off |
be
good at |
take
up |
give
up |
be
successful in |
|
to 可以用作介词,也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词:
admit
to |
object
to |
be
accustomed to |
be
used to |
stick
to |
turn
to开始 |
look
forward to |
be
devoted to |
pay
attention to |
contribute
to |
apologize
to |
devote
oneself to |
1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come (答案:C) 2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made. A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged (答案:C) 九、It is time (that)…引导的定语从句中,谓语动词用过去时。 1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident. A. do B. will do C. did D. must do (答案:C) 2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking? A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up (答案:B)
虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的运用)
主语+谓语….. |
lest / for fear that / in case 主语+(should)+动词原形 |
I wrote everything down |
lest I (should) forget it. 我把每件事都记下来惟恐忘记了。 |
Take your umbrella along |
in case it (should) rain. 带着雨伞,以防下雨。 |
He ran away |
lest he (should) be seen. 他跑开了,以免被人看见。 |
He doesn’t dare to go out |
in case he should be recognized. 他不敢出去,以免被人认出来。 |
She put a blanket over the baby |
for fear that he should catch cold. |
??
第五节 非谓语动词?
非谓语动词分三种,即:不定式,动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。 一、动词不定式 考试重点:动词不定式的基本结构和用法(尤其是复合结构,否定式,被动式,完成式等。);stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别;remember,forget接不定式和动名词的区别;have sth done 和have sb do sth。 基本形式
|
主动形式 |
被动形式 |
一般式 |
(not) to make |
(not) to be made |
完成式 |
(not) to have made |
(not) to have been made |
进行式 |
(not) to be making |
|
在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 (一)动词不定式的基本结构和用法 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式, 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。
不定式作状语
1)目的状语
常用结构为to do , only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to do, so(such)… as to…(如此…以便…)。例如:
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4)表示理由和条件
He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.