2.way(方式,方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句,也可省略:Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
1.situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句:Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word?
3. 当关系代词作“动词+介词”固定短语的宾语时,此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如:This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
2. 介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配),例如:He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,例如:Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
2. 不用that的场合如下:
1)非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2)介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3)句中出现了that,或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.
1. 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物时:He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him.
2) 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时:These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5) 先行词是who时:Who that have seen him does not like him?
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代
词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例:Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容,因前后两句是因果关系,此时which不可换为as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.=As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
2. 关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语。
例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意:不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如:We´ll visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用)
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1. 关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose
作定语。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定
语从句中作宾语,可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物,在定从中作主语)