6. The author’s
purpose of writing this passage is…
推理判断题的解题技巧：
所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类型的题尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。
还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。
推理判断题主要题型：
针对细节的逻辑推断
针对主题思想、作者意图的推断
针对作者态度、观点等的推断
(一)细节推理题：
抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，结合上下文或上下句，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。在推断中，我们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
例1：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid
wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours.
Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.
Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from
Catalina to the California coast.
On that fourth of
July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She
could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to
be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she
struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television.
Alongside
Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered
encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much farther. But all she could see was
fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had… until then. With only a half
mile to go, she asked to be pulled out.
What does “she never
had…”in the third paragraph mean?
A. She had never
been so desperate.
B. She had never
thought of giving it up.
C. She had never
seen such thick fog.
D. She had never
swum across the strait before.
解析：根据上下文they urged her not to quit,以及with only a half mile to go, she
asked to be pulled out. 可以推断出，她当时并没有想放弃，只不过是后来情况变化了。
答案：B
例2：Decision-thinking is not unlike
poker--- it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think
you think and what you think they think you think . The mental process(过程) is similar . Naturally , this card game has
often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good
thinkers .
The
great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory .
In particular , he showed that all games fall into two classes ; there are what
he called games of ‘perfect information’, games like chess where the players
can't hide anything or play tricks ; they don't win by chance , but by means of
logic and skills . Then there are games of ‘imperfect information’, like poker,
in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is
better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of
perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are
games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business
decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素), which would ever puzzle best poker players
. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a
chance , and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess , not
poker.
An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _______.
A. rules B.
luck
C. time D.
ideas
解析：短文第二段有这样一段说明：……游戏可分为两类，一种是被称为 “perfect information”的游戏，双方无法隐瞒或进行欺骗，他们不是靠碰巧获胜 ( …they don’t win by
chance)。另一种则是 “imperfect
information”的游戏，如打牌，游戏者不可能预先知道他出的这一道牌是否比另一道好。从作者的这种表达可以推断出，“imperfect information”游戏获胜的一个因素就是运气。因此选B。
(二)推测文章的观点或结论
推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有：
1) It can be inferred from the
passage that __________.
2) What conclusion can be drawn from
the passage?
3) From the passage we can conclude
that __________.
这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测出文中的某一观点，仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。
例1：Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do
you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following
directions and see if you understand them.
“To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required.
For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in
twenty-four hours.
For children six to
twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctor's advice. Reduce
the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the
medicine.”
It can be inferred
from the directions that this medicine__________.
A. helps you to fall
asleep quickly
B. may be dangerous
to small children
C. cannot be taken
if one feels sleepy
D. shouldn't be
taken by children under six
解析：所有的选项都是针对文章的，所以要通读全文后进行判断。从文章第三段第二句得知，六岁以下儿童是否可用此药需要向医生咨询，但并未加以禁止。因此可判断B 为正确选项。
例2. “In general,”writes Rubin in her new book, “women’s friendship with each other
rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by
shared activities.”For the most part, Rubin says interactions(交往)between men are emotionally controlled
–– a good fit with the social requirements of many behavior.
“Even when a man is said to be a
best friend,”Rubin writes,
“the two share
little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend
might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual
to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble
until be appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.”