1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.

4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.

3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.

2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

　　 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.

5.短暂动词(即瞬间动词)，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,

finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1)“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2)“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3)“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.

4.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

--Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.

--She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.