6 被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated , be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied ——青夏教育精英家教网—

12.6 被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries 　He is graduated from a famous university. 　他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。　He married a rich girl. 　He got married to a rich girl.

12.5 主动形式表示被动意义　1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive… 　The book sells well.　这本书销路好。　This knife cuts easily.　这刀子很好用。　2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build 　I was to blame for the accident. 　Much work remains. 　3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。　The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 　This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。　This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。　4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

12.4 不用被动语态的情况　1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 　After the fire, very little remained of my house. 　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。　　(错) The price has been risen. 　(对) The price has risen. 　(错) The accident was happened last week.　　　(对) The accident happened last week. 　(错) The price has raised.　　　　　　(对) The price has been raised. 　(错) Please seat.　　　　　　　　(对) Please be seated. 　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。　 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 　This key just fits the lock. 　 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 　　 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 　 It sounds good. 　　 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life 　She dreamed a bad dream last night. 　　 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。　 (对) She likes to swim. 　 (错) To swim is liked by her.

12.3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组　believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that…　据说　 It is reported that… 据报道　　 It is believed that…　大家相信　　　 It is hoped that…　大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知　 It is thought that…　大家认为 It is suggested that…　据建议　　　 It is taken granted that…　被视为当然　 It has been decided that… 大家决定　 It must be remember that…务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

12.2 短语动词的被动语态　短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。　This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. 　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.　　Such a thing has never been heard of before..

12.1 let 的用法　1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。　 They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go. 　　2) 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。　The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 　----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

12. 动词的语态　语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。　主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。　1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态　时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。 feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 　The teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 　We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground. 　2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。　 Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

12. 动词的语态

3.　 (此句中C是错的。现在的双重否定变成肯定了。前半句还在夸历史学教授知识渊博，到了后半句突然变得不学无术了。nothing应改成anything。)(1998年69题)

第十节附加疑问句

考试重点：附加疑问句的基本用法；含有否定词的疑问句；祈使句的附加疑问句；一些特殊用法。　一、附加疑问句的基本用法　附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加问句。一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。　1、He had to finish the work yesterday, _____? 　A. hadn’t he 　B. had he 　C. didn’t he 　D. did he 　(答案：C。have作“有”以外解释时，附加疑问句要用助动词do/does/did。) 　2、There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening _____? 　A. will there not 　B. will there 　C. is there 　D. will it be 　(答案：B。当陈述句为there be句型时，附加疑问句用其否定或肯定的疑问句式。) 　二、含有否定词的用法　若陈述句部分已有表示否定的 hardly，scarcely，never，seldom 等词时，反问句部分要用肯定。　1、She scarcely cares for anything _____? 　A. doesn’t 　B. does she 　C. is she 　D. isn't she 　(答案：B)(1995年45题) 　2、You never told me you have seen the film, _____? 　A. had you 　B. didn’t you 　C. did you 　D. weren’t you 　(答案：C)(2002年53题) 　三、祈使句：　1、Please let us have more time , _____? 　A. shall we 　B. will you 　C. won’t you 　D. don't you 　(答案：B。Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反问部分主语用we时，谓语用shall。如：Let’s go，shall we?)(1997年23题) 　2、Don't forget to write to me, _____? 　A. do you 　B. won’t you 　C. are 　D. will you 　(答案：D)(1994年37题) 　四、一些特殊用法：　1、I suppose you’re not serious, _____? 　A. don’t I 　B. do I 　C. are you 　D. aren’t you 　(答案：C。主句的谓语是suppose和think，主语是第一人称，反问句部分要和从句的谓语一致。)(1996年57题)再如：“I don’t suppose you’re going today, aren’t you?” 　2、I don’t think you’ve heard of him before, _____? 　A. don’t I 　B. do I 　C. have you 　D. haven’t you 　(答案：C)(1992年33题) 第三章答题技巧

第三节　　　挑错

?挑错部分由10个单句组成，每个句子中有四个划线部分，其中有一个划线部分含有词汇或语法方面的错误，考生对错误挑出即可，不用改正，这一部分实际上是词语用法和语法结构部分的延伸，目的是测试学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度，重点固定搭配和句型。考试范围与第二部分相同。和其它三种题型相比较，它和词汇和语法结构部分一样，是相对比较简单的部分，考生应当在这一部分多得一些分数。常见错误类型分析：　一、用词错误　(一)固定搭配的错误　英语中固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及许多惯用法等。