2. 副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very
hard. 他学习很努力。(作状语)
Life here is full of
joy.这儿的生活充满着愉快。 (作定语)
When will you be back?
你什么时候回来? (作表语)
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today,
tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often,
usually, always等。例如:
He often comes to school
late.他经常上学迟到。
What are we going to do
tomorrow? 我们明天干什么?
He ‘s never been to
Beijing.他从来没有到过北京。
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there,
inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere,
somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:
I met an old friend of
mine on my way home.在回家的路上,我遇见了一位老朋友。
He went upstairs.他上楼了。
Put down your name here.写下你的名字。
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously,
badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully,
angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high,
straight, wide等。例如:
The old man walked home
slowly.这位老人慢慢地走回家。
Please listen to the
teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲的。
He runs very fast.他跑得很快。
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a)
little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly,
completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:
Her pronunciation is
very good.他的发音很好。
She sings quite well.他唱得相当好。
I can hardly agree with
you.我不能同意你的意见。
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when,
where, why等。例如:
How are you getting
along with your studies? 你的学习进展得怎么样?
Where were you
yesterday? 昨天你在哪里?
Why did you do that? 你为什么做那件事?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如:
Mr Smith works very
hard.史密斯先生工作和努力。
She speaks English well.他的英语讲得很好。
2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如:
He usually gets up
early.他通常起得早。
I’ve never heard him
singing.我从未听过他唱歌。
She is seldom ill.她很少生病。
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如:
It is a rather difficult
job.这是一份相当难的工作。
He runs very fast.他跑得很快。
He didn’t work hard
enough.他工作不够努力。
4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:
On my way home, I met my
uncle.在回家的路上,我遇见了我的叔叔。
The students there have
a lot time to do their own research work.这里的学生有许多时间做研究工作。
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如:
She is a very nice girl她是一个很漂亮的姑娘。
I’m feeling much better
now.现在我感觉很好。
Much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如:
I don’t like the idea
much.我不太喜欢这个主意。
They did not talk much.他们很少交谈。
2) too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。例如:
She can dance, and I can
dance, too.她会跳舞,我也会。
I haven’t read the book
and my brother hasn’t either.我没有读这本书,我的弟弟也没有。
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如:
He has already left.他已经离开。
Have you heard from him
yet?你还没有收到他的信吗?
He hasn’t answered yet.他仍然没有回答。
4) so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒装句, 但so表示肯定,neither表示否定。
例如:
My brother likes
football and so do I.我哥哥喜欢足球,我也喜欢。
My brother doesn’t like
dancing and neither do I.我哥哥不喜欢跳舞,我也不喜欢。