题目内容
(本小题满分12分)如图,P是平面ADC外的一点,
,
,
,
.
(1)求证:
是直线
与平面
所成的角
(2)若
,求二面角
的余弦值.![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231444597864047.jpg)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459490335.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459521344.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459537273.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459552271.gif)
(1)求证:
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459568293.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459583234.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459615271.gif)
(2)若
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459646300.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459661317.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231444597864047.jpg)
(1)证明见解析
(2)![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459895224.gif)
(2)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459895224.gif)
(1)在
中,
,
,
,
∴
,∴
,………3分
又因为
,所以
平面
……5分
∴
是直线
与平面
所成的角……………6分
(2)解法一:由(1)得
平面
,则
……………………………8分
又∵平面![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500285274.gif)
平面
=
,∴
是二面角
的平面角………9分
在
中,
,
,![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459537273.gif)
由余弦定理得
=![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500707618.gif)
所以,求二面角
的余弦值为
………12分
解法二:过点P作
于点O,由(1)知
平面
,
平面![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500847271.gif)
∴平面PCD⊥平面CDA,则
平面
.……………7分
∵
, ∴
………………………………8分
则以O为原点建立如图所示的直角坐标系O-XYZ.
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231445010035766.jpg)
∴O(0,0,0),A(4,2,0),D(0,2,0),P(0,0,
),C(0,-2,0) ……9分
设平面PAD的法向量为
.
∴
,又![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501190803.gif)
,所以
……………10分
又因为平面ACD的法向量为
……………11分
∴![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231445014551496.gif)
因为二面角
为锐角,则二面角
的余弦值是
…………12分
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459911401.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459537273.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459552271.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459958286.gif)
∴
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459989440.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500005320.gif)
又因为
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459490335.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500036266.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500083269.gif)
∴
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459568293.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459583234.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459615271.gif)
(2)解法一:由(1)得
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500036266.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500083269.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500176498.gif)
又∵平面
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500285274.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500363152.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500379280.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500426236.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500473288.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459661317.gif)
在
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500504297.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500629275.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500644273.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459537273.gif)
由余弦定理得
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500675963.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500707618.gif)
所以,求二面角
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459661317.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459895224.gif)
解法二:过点P作
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500769330.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500036266.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500083269.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500831261.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500847271.gif)
∴平面PCD⊥平面CDA,则
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500863261.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500956280.gif)
∵
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500972312.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144500987331.gif)
则以O为原点建立如图所示的直角坐标系O-XYZ.
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231445010035766.jpg)
∴O(0,0,0),A(4,2,0),D(0,2,0),P(0,0,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501050172.gif)
设平面PAD的法向量为
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501112461.gif)
∴
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501128550.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501190803.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231445013461807.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501346573.gif)
又因为平面ACD的法向量为
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144501377460.gif)
∴
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408231445014551496.gif)
因为二面角
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459661317.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459661317.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823144459895224.gif)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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