题目内容
8.已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a1=3,an+1=1+2Sn(1)a2,a3,a4的值;
(2)求数列{an}的通项公式;
(3)设bn=$\frac{n}{{a}_{n}}$,证明数列{bn}的前n项和Tn<$\frac{9}{4}$.
分析 (1)运用递推关系式a1=3,an+1=1+2Sn,求解即可.
(2)an+1=1+2Sn,①,an=1+2Sn-1,②,相减即可求解n≥2时,an=7×3n-2,验证n=1即可的通项公式.
(3)运用定义得出Tn=$\frac{1}{3}$+$\frac{2}{7}$+$\frac{3}{7×3}$$+\frac{4}{7×{3}^{2}}$$+\frac{5}{7×{3}^{3}}$+…+$\frac{n-1}{7×{3}^{n-3}}$+$\frac{n}{7×{3}^{n-2}}$,利用错位相减得出Tn=$\frac{16}{21}$$+\frac{3}{28}$(1-$\frac{1}{{3}^{n-2}}$)-$\frac{3n}{14×{3}^{n-1}}$<$\frac{16}{21}$$+\frac{3}{28}$=$\frac{73}{84}$$<\frac{9}{4}$,放缩即可证明.
解答 解:数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a1=3,an+1=1+2Sn
(1)a2=1+2×3=7,a3=1+2(3+7)=21,a4=1+2(3+7+21)=63,
(2)an+1=1+2Sn,①
an=1+2Sn-1,②,
①-②得出:an+1-an=2an(n≥2)
即an+1=3an,(n≥2),
根据等比数列的性质得出:当n=1时,a1=3,n=2时,a2=7,
n≥2时,an=7×3n-2,
∴an=$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{3,n=1}\\{7×{3}^{n-2},n≥2}\end{array}\right.$
(3)∵bn=$\frac{n}{{a}_{n}}$,数列{bn}的前n项和Tn,
∴Tn=$\frac{1}{3}$+$\frac{2}{7}$+$\frac{3}{7×3}$$+\frac{4}{7×{3}^{2}}$$+\frac{5}{7×{3}^{3}}$+…+$\frac{n-1}{7×{3}^{n-3}}$+$\frac{n}{7×{3}^{n-2}}$,
令Gn=$\frac{2}{7}$+$\frac{3}{7×3}$$+\frac{4}{7×{3}^{2}}$$+\frac{5}{7×{3}^{3}}$+…+$\frac{n-1}{7×{3}^{n-3}}$+$\frac{n}{7×{3}^{n-2}}$,③
$\frac{1}{3}$Gn=$\frac{2}{7×3}$$+\frac{3}{7×{3}^{2}}$$+\frac{4}{7×{3}^{3}}$+…+$\frac{n-1}{7×{3}^{n-2}}$$+\frac{n}{7×{3}^{n-1}}$④,
③-④得出:$\frac{2}{3}$Gn=$\frac{2}{7}$+($\frac{1}{7×3}$$+\frac{1}{7×{3}^{2}}$$+\frac{1}{7×{3}^{3}}$+…+$\frac{1}{7×{3}^{n-2}}$)-$\frac{n}{7×{3}^{n-1}}$
=$\frac{2}{7}$+$\frac{1}{14}$(1-$\frac{1}{{3}^{n-2}}$)$-\frac{n}{7×{3}^{n-1}}$,
Gn=$\frac{3}{7}$$+\frac{3}{28}$(1-$\frac{1}{{3}^{n-2}}$)-$\frac{3n}{14×{3}^{n-1}}$,
Tn=$\frac{16}{21}$$+\frac{3}{28}$(1-$\frac{1}{{3}^{n-2}}$)-$\frac{3n}{14×{3}^{n-1}}$<$\frac{16}{21}$$+\frac{3}{28}$=$\frac{73}{84}$$<\frac{9}{4}$,
故数列{bn}的前n项和Tn<$\frac{9}{4}$.
点评 本题综合考察了数列的递推关系式,性质,求解和的问题,放缩法证明不等式,考察了学生的计算化简能力,难度较大.
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