ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
11£®ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÄø£¨Ni2O3£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªµÄµç×ÓÔª¼þ²ÄÁϺÍÐîµç³Ø²ÄÁÏ£®¹¤ÒµÉÏÀûÓú¬Äø·ÏÁÏ£¨Äø¡¢Ìú¡¢¸Æ¡¢Ã¾ºÏ½ðΪÖ÷£©ÖÆÈ¡²ÝËáÄø£¨NiC2O4•2H2O£©£¬ÔÙ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕ²ÝËáÄøÖÆÈ¡ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÄø£®ÒÑÖª²ÝËáµÄ¸Æ¡¢Ã¾¡¢ÄøÑξùÄÑÈÜÓÚË®£®¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁй¤ÒÕÁ÷³ÌʾÒâͼ»Ø´ðÎÊÌ⣮£¨1£©²Ù×÷1Ϊ¼ÓËáÈܽ⣬¹ýÂË£®
£¨2£©Éú²ú¹ý³ÌÖжà´Î½øÐйýÂË£¬ÊµÑéÊÒ½øÐйýÂ˲Ù×÷ÖÐÐèÓõ½²£Á§°ô£¬ÏÂÁÐʵÑé²Ù×÷Öв£Á§°ôµÄ×÷ÓÃÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄÊÇBC£¨ÌîÑ¡Ïî×Öĸ£©£®
¢ÙÅäÖÆ0.1mol/LµÄH2SO4ÈÜÒº ¢Ú²â¶¨Na2CO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH
¢ÛÓÃKIµí·ÛÊÔÖ½¼ìÑéÈÜÒºÖеÄÑõ»¯ÐÔÀë×Ó ¢Ü¼ÓÈÈʳÑÎÈÜÒºÖƱ¸NaCl¾§Ìå
¢ÝÅäÖÆ20%µÄKNO3ÈÜÒº
A£®¢Ù¢ÝB£®¢Ú¢ÛC£®¢Ü¢ÝD£®¢Ù¢Ü
£¨3£©¼ÓÈëH2O2·¢ÉúµÄÖ÷Òª·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ2Fe2++H2O2+2H+¨T2Fe3++2H2O£»
¼ÓÈëNa2CO3ÈÜÒºµ÷pHÖÁ4.0¡«4.5£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄΪ´Ù½øFe3+Ë®½â³ÁµíÍêÈ«£»¼ÓÈëNH4Fºó³ýµôµÄÔÓÖÊÊÇCa2+¡¢Mg2+£®
£¨4£©²ÝËáÄø£¨NiC2O4•2H2O£©ÔÚÈÈ¿ÕÆøÖиÉÔïÍÑË®ºóÔÚ¸ßÎÂÏÂìÑÉÕÈýСʱ£¬ÖƵÃNi2O3£¬Í¬Ê±»ñµÃ»ìºÏÆøÌ壮²ÝËáÄøÊÜÈÈ·Ö½âµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2NiC2O4$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$Ni2O3+3CO¡ü+CO2¡ü£®
£¨5£©¹¤ÒµÉÏ»¹¿ÉÓõç½â·¨ÖÆÈ¡Ni2O3£®ÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºµ÷½ÚNiCl2ÈÜÒºµÄpHÖÁ7.5£¬¼ÓÈëÊÊÁ¿Na2SO4ºó²ÉÓöèÐԵ缫µç½â£®µç½â¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúµÄCl2ÓÐ80%ÔÚÈõ¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂÉú³ÉClO-£¬ÔٰѶþ¼ÛÄøÑõ»¯ÎªÈý¼ÛÄø£®ClO-Ñõ»¯Ni£¨OH£©2Éú³ÉNi2O3µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪClO-+2Ni£¨OH£©2¨TCl-+Ni2O3+2H2O£®
·ÖÎö Á÷³Ì·ÖÎö£¬Äø·ÏÁÏ£¨Äø¡¢Ìú¡¢¸Æ¡¢Ã¾ºÏ½ðΪÖ÷£©ÖÆÈ¡²ÝËáÄø£¨NiC2O4•2H2O£©£¬ÔÙ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕ²ÝËáÄøÖÆÈ¡ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÄø£®Äø·ÏÁϼÓÈëËáÈܽâºó¹ýÂ˵õ½ÂËÒºÖк¬ÓÐÑÇÌúÀë×Ó¡¢¸ÆÀë×Ó¡¢Ã¾Àë×Ó¡¢ÄøÀë×Ó£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâÑõ»¯ÑÇÌúÀë×ÓΪÌúÀë×Ó£¬¼ÓÈë̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºµ÷½ÚÈÜÒºµÄPH£¬Ê¹ÌúÀë×ÓÈ«²¿³Áµí£¬¹ýÂ˺óµÄÂËÒºÔÚ¼ÓÈëNH4F³Áµí¸ÆÀë×ÓºÍþÀë×Ó£¬¹ýÂ˵õ½ÈÜÒºº¬ÓÐÄóÀë×ÓµÄÈÜÒº£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë²ÝËáÉú³É²ÝËáÄø£¬Õô·¢Å¨Ëõ½á¾§Îö³ö¾§ÌåΪĿ±ê²úÎïNiC2O4•2H2O£»
£¨1£©Äø·ÏÁÏÖÐÖ÷ÒªÊÇÄø¡¢Ìú¡¢¸Æ¡¢Ã¾ºÏ½ðΪÖ÷£¬²Ù×÷¢ñÊÇËáÈܺó¹ýÂË£¬Èܽâ½ðÊô£¬³ýÈ¥²»ÈÜÎ
£¨2£©¢ÙÅäÖÆO.1mol/LµÄH2SO4ÈÜÒº£¬½Á°èÒýÁ÷×÷Óã»
¢Ú²â¶¨Na2CO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬²£Á§°ôպȡÈÜÒºµÎÔÚpHÊÔÖ½Éϲⶨ£»
¢ÛÓÃKIµí·ÛÊÔÖ½¼ìÑéÈÜÒºÖÐÑõ»¯ÐÔÀë×Ó£¬²£Á§°ôպȡÈÜÒºµÎÔÚKIµí·ÛÊÔÖ½Éϲⶨ£»
¢Ü¼ÓÈÈʳÑÎÈÜÒºÖƱ¸NaCl¾§Ì壬²£Á§°ô½Á°è±ÜÃâ¾Ö²¿ÊÜÈȹÌÌå·É½¦£»
¢ÝÅäÖÆ20%µÄKNO3ÈÜÒº£¬²£Á§°ô½Á°è¼ÓËÙÈܽ⣻
£¨3£©¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâÑõ»¯ÑÇÌúÀë×ÓΪÌúÀë×Ó£¬ÒÀ¾ÝµçºÉÊغãºÍÔ×ÓÊغ㣬¼ÓÈëNa2CO3ÈÜÒºµ÷pHÖÁ4.0〜4.5£¬´Ù½øÌúÀë×ÓË®½âÐγÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú³Áµí£»·ú»¯¸Æ¡¢·ú»¯Ã¾ÄÑÈÜÓÚË®£»
£¨4£©²ÝËáÄø£¨NiC2O4•2H2O£©ÔÚÈÈ¿ÕÆøÖиÉÔïÍÑË®ºóÉú³ÉNiC2O4£¬NiC2O4ÔÙ·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¨NiÓÉ+2¼ÛÉý¸ßµ½+3¼Û£¬ÔòCÓÉ+3¼Û½µµÍµ½+2¼Û£¬ÌâÖÐÒªÇóÉú³É»ìºÏÆøÌ壬ÔòÁíÒ»ÆøÌåΪCO2£©Éú³ÉNi2O3¡¢CO¡¢CO2£¬ÔÙÀûÓû¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý½µÏàµÈÅäƽ£»
£¨5£©ClÓÉ+1¼Û½µµÍµ½-1¼Û£¬NiÓÉ+2¼ÛÉý¸ßµ½+3¼Û£¬ÀûÓû¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý½µÏàµÈ¿ÉÅäƽClO-¡¢Ni£¨OH£©2¡¢Cl-¡¢Ni2O3µÄϵÊý£¬ÔÙÀûÓÃHÔ×ÓÊغãÅäƽˮµÄϵÊý£¬×îºó¿ÉÀûÓÃOÔ×Ó¼ì²éÅäƽÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·£»ÒÀ¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽºÍÔªËØÊغã¼ÆËãµÃµ½£»
½â´ð ½â£ºÁ÷³Ì·ÖÎö£¬Äø·ÏÁÏ£¨Äø¡¢Ìú¡¢¸Æ¡¢Ã¾ºÏ½ðΪÖ÷£©ÖÆÈ¡²ÝËáÄø£¨NiC2O4•2H2O£©£¬ÔÙ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕ²ÝËáÄøÖÆÈ¡ÈýÑõ»¯¶þÄø£®Äø·ÏÁϼÓÈëËáÈܽâºó¹ýÂ˵õ½ÂËÒºÖк¬ÓÐÑÇÌúÀë×Ó¡¢¸ÆÀë×Ó¡¢Ã¾Àë×Ó¡¢ÄøÀë×Ó£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâÑõ»¯ÑÇÌúÀë×ÓΪÌúÀë×Ó£¬¼ÓÈë̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºµ÷½ÚÈÜÒºµÄPH£¬Ê¹ÌúÀë×ÓÈ«²¿³Áµí£¬¹ýÂ˺óµÄÂËÒºÔÚ¼ÓÈëNH4F³Áµí¸ÆÀë×ÓºÍþÀë×Ó£¬¹ýÂ˵õ½ÈÜÒºº¬ÓÐÄóÀë×ÓµÄÈÜÒº£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë²ÝËáÉú³É²ÝËáÄø£¬Õô·¢Å¨Ëõ½á¾§Îö³ö¾§ÌåΪĿ±ê²úÎïNiC2O4•2H2O£»
£¨1£©·ÖÎö¿òͼ£º¡°ËáÈÜ¡±Éú³Éº¬Äø¡¢Ìú¡¢¸Æ¡¢Ã¾Àë×ÓµÄÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓËáÈܽ⣬Èܽâ½ðÊô£¬³ýÈ¥²»ÈÜÎï¹ýÂË£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼ÓËáÈܽ⣬¹ýÂË£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÅäÖÆO.1mol/LµÄH2SO4ÈÜÒº£¬½Á°èÒýÁ÷×÷Óã»
¢Ú²â¶¨Na2CO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬²£Á§°ôպȡÈÜÒºµÎÔÚpHÊÔÖ½Éϲⶨ£»
¢ÛÓÃKIµí·ÛÊÔÖ½¼ìÑé ÈÜÒºÖÐÑõ»¯ÐÔÀë×Ó£¬²£Á§°ôպȡÈÜÒºµÎÔÚKIµí·ÛÊÔÖ½Éϲⶨ£»
¢Ü¼ÓÈÈʳÑÎÈÜÒºÖƱ¸NaCl¾§Ì壬²£Á§°ô½Á°è±ÜÃâ¾Ö²¿ÊÜÈȹÌÌå·É½¦£»
¢ÝÅäÖÆ20%µÄKNO3ÈÜÒº£¬²£Á§°ô½Á°è¼ÓËÙÈܽ⣻
ËùÒԢڢۺ͢ܢݷûºÏ£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBC£®
£¨3£©¼ÓË«ÑõË®µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÑõ»¯Éú³ÉFe3+£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º2Fe2++H2O2+2H+¨T2Fe3++2H2O£¬¼ÓÈë̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºµÄ×÷ÓÃÊǵ÷½ÚpH£¬´Ù½øÌúÀë×ÓË®½â³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëNH4FµÄÄ¿µÄÊdzýÈ¥¸ÆÀë×Ó¡¢Ã¾Àë×Ó£¬¹Ê×îºó¼Ó²ÝËáʱÉú³É²ÝËáÄø³Áµí£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Fe2++H2O2+2H+¨T2Fe3++2H2O£¬´Ù½øÌúÀë×ÓË®½â³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬Ca2+¡¢Mg2+£»
£¨4£©²ÝËáÄø£¨NiC2O4•2H2O£©ÔÚÈÈ¿ÕÆøÖиÉÔïÍÑË®ºóÉú³ÉNiC2O4£¬NiC2O4ÔÙ·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¨NiÓÉ+2¼ÛÉý¸ßµ½+3¼Û£¬ÔòCÓÉ+3¼Û½µµÍµ½+2¼Û£¬ÌâÖÐÒªÇóÉú³É»ìºÏÆøÌ壬ÔòÁíÒ»ÆøÌåΪCO2£©Éú³ÉNi2O3¡¢CO¡¢CO2£¬ÔÙÀûÓû¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý½µÏàµÈ£¬Ni£ºÉý¸ß2¡Á£¨3-2£©£¬C£ºÉý¸ß1¡Á£¨4-3£©£¬C£º½µµÍ£º3¡Á£¨3-2£©£¬Åäƽ·½³ÌʽΪ£º2NiC2O4$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$Ni2O3+3CO¡ü+CO2¡ü£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2NiC2O4$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$Ni2O3+3CO¡ü+CO2¡ü£»
£¨5£©ClÓÉ+1¼Û½µµÍµ½-1¼Û£¬NiÓÉ+2¼ÛÉý¸ßµ½+3¼Û£¬ÀûÓû¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý½µÏàµÈ¿ÉÅäƽClO-¡¢Ni£¨OH£©2¡¢Cl-¡¢Ni2O3µÄϵÊý£¬ÔÙÀûÓÃHÔ×ÓÊغãÅäƽˮµÄϵÊý£¬×îºó¿ÉÀûÓÃOÔ×Ó¼ì²éÅäƽÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·£¬µÃµ½Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºClO-+2Ni£¨OH£©2¨TCl-+Ni2O3+2H2O£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºClO-+2Ni£¨OH£©2¨TCl-+Ni2O3+2H2O£»
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÁ÷³Ì·ÖÎöÍƶϣ¬ÊµÑé²Ù×÷²½ÖèµÄ·ÖÎöÅжϣ¬»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËãºÍµç½âÔÀí·ÖÎöÓ¦Óã¬ÌâÄ¿×ÛºÏÐԽϴó£¬ÄѶȽϴó£®
A£® | ÏòNaCl¡¢NaBr¡¢NaI»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈëF2£ºI-¡¢Br-¡¢Cl- | |
B£® | ÏòNaCl¡¢NaI¡¢Na2S»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖеμÓAgNO3ÈÜÒº£ºS2-¡¢I-¡¢Cl- | |
C£® | ÏòFeCl3¡¢CuCl2¡¢HCl»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëZn·Û£ºCu2+¡¢Fe3+¡¢H+ | |
D£® | ÏòNaAlO2¡¢Na2CO2¡¢NaOH»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖеμÓÏ¡ÑÎË᣺AlO2-¡¢CO32-¡¢HCO3-¡¢OH- |
A£® | NaHSO4£¨ÈÛÈÚ£©¨TNa++H++SO42- | B£® | NaHCO3¨TNa++H++CO32- | ||
C£® | CH3COOH?CH3COO-+H+ | D£® | H2CO3?2H++CO32- |
Àë×Ó | ¿ªÊ¼³ÁµíʱµÄpH | ÍêÈ«³ÁµíʱµÄpH |
Fe2+ | 7.6 | 9.7 |
Fe3+ | 2.7 | 3.7 |
Al3+ | 3.8 | 4.7 |
Mn2+ | 8.3 | 9.8 |
¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöÁ÷³Ì£¬»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©Ð´³ö¶þÑõ»¯ÃÌÓë¶þÑõ»¯Áò·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£ºSO2+MnO2¨TMnSO4£®
£¨2£©½þ³öÒºµÄpH£¼2£¬´ÓÉÏÊöÁ÷³Ì¿´£¬¿ÉÄܵÄÔÒòΪ¶þÑõ»¯ÁòÈÜÓÚË®·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºSO2+H2O=H2SO3£¬Éú³ÉµÄH2SO3²¿·ÖµçÀ룺H2SO3?H++HSO3-£¨Óû¯Ñ§ÓÃÓïºÍ±ØÒªµÄÎÄ×Ö˵Ã÷£©£®
£¨3£©ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ¼ÓÈë¶þÑõ»¯Ã̵Ä×÷ÓãºMnO2+2Fe2++4H+¨TMn2++2Fe3++2H2O£®´Ó±íÖÐÊý¾ÝÀ´¿´£¬Äܲ»ÄÜÈ¡Ïû¡°¼ÓÈë¶þÑõ»¯ÃÌ¡±µÄ²½Ö裿ÔÒòÊDz»ÄÜ£¬pH=9.7ʱFe2+²ÅÍêÈ«³Áµí£¬¶øpH=8.3ʱMn2+ÒѾ¿ªÊ¼³Áµí£®
ÏÂÁÐÊÔ¼ÁÄÜÌæ´ú¶þÑõ»¯Ã̵ÄÊÇA£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©£®
A£®Ë«ÑõË® B£®ÂÈË® C£®¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒº D£®´ÎÂÈËáÄÆ
£¨4£©ÓÐͬѧÈÏΪ¿ÉÒÔÓÃ̼ËáÃÌ£¨MnCO3£©»òÇâÑõ»¯ÃÌ[Mn£¨OH£©2]Ìæ´úʯ»ÒÈ飬ÄãÊÇ·ñͬÒâ´Ë¹Ûµã£¿¼òÊöÀíÓÉ£ºÍ¬Ò⣬ÌúÀë×Ó¡¢ÂÁÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È±ÈÃÌÀë×Ӵ󣬼ÓÈÈ̼ËáÃÌ»òÇâÑõ»¯ÃÌÓëÇâÀë×Ó·´Ó¦£¬´Ù½øÌúÀë×Ó¡¢ÂÁÀë×ÓË®½â£¬½ø¶øת»¯Îª³Áµí£¬ÔÙͨ¹ý¹ýÂ˳ýÈ¥£®
£¨5£©´Óº¬ÁòËáÃ̵ÄÂËÒºÖÐÌáÈ¡ÁòËáÃ̾§ÌåµÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇÕô·¢Å¨Ëõ¡¢½µÎ½ᾧ£¬¹ýÂË£®ÀûÓÃÂËÔüÄÜÌáÈ¡¸ß´¿¶ÈµÄÌúºì£¬¼òÊöÆä²Ù×÷¹ý³Ì£º½«ÂËÔüÈÜÓÚ×ãÁ¿µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÔÙ½øÐйýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓ¡¢¸ÉÔ×îºó×ÆÉտɵÃÑõ»¯Ìú£®
A£® | ·Ö×ÓÖÐC¡¢H¡¢OµÄ¸öÊý±ÈΪ1£º2£º3 | B£® | ·Ö×ÓÖÐC¡¢HµÄ¸öÊý±ÈΪ1£º2 | ||
C£® | ¸ÃÓлúÎïµÄÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Îª14 | D£® | ¸Ã·Ö×ÓÖп϶¨²»º¬Ñõ |