ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
4£®ÒÑÖªA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¶¼ÊÇÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚµÄÔªËØ£¬ËüÃǵĺ˵çºÉÊýA£¼B£¼C£¼D£¼E£®ÆäÖÐA¡¢B¡¢CÊÇͬһÖÜÆڵķǽðÊôÔªËØ£®»¯ºÏÎïDCÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎDµÄ¶þ¼ÛÑôÀë×ÓÓëCµÄÒõÀë×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹£®AC2Ϊ·Ç¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£®B¡¢CµÄÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã±ÈËüÃÇͬ×åÏàÁÚÖÜÆÚÔªËØÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã¸ß£®EµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ24£¬ECl3ÄÜÓëB¡¢CµÄÇ⻯ÎïÐγÉÁùÅäλµÄÅäºÏÎÇÒÁ½ÖÖÅäÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º1£¬Èý¸öÂÈÀë×ÓλÓÚÍâ½ç£®Çë¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉÏÇé¿ö£¬»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣨´ðÌâʱ£¬A¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢EÓÃËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄÔªËØ·ûºÅ±íʾ£©£¨1£©A¡¢B¡¢CµÄµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÓÉСµ½´óµÄ˳ÐòΪC£¼O£¼N£®
£¨2£©BµÄÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ö×ӿռ乹ÐÍÊÇÈý½Ç׶ÐÍ£¬ÆäÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp3ÔÓ»¯£®
£¨3£©Ò»ÖÖÓÉB¡¢C×é³ÉµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÓëAC2»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌ壬Æ仯ѧʽʽΪN2O£®
£¨4£©EµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½ÊÇ1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£¬ECl3ÓëB¡¢CµÄÇ⻯ÎïÐγɵÄÅäºÏÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª[Cr£¨NH3£©4£¨H2O£©2]Cl3£®
£¨5£©BµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔÓ¦µÄË®»¯ÎïµÄÏ¡ÈÜÒºÓëDµÄµ¥ÖÊ·´Ó¦Ê±£¬B±»»¹Ôµ½×îµÍ¼Û£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ4Mg+10HNO3=4Mg£¨NO3£©2+NH4NO3+3H2O£®
·ÖÎö A¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¶¼ÊÇÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚµÄÔªËØ£¬ËüÃǵĺ˵çºÉÊýA£¼B£¼C£¼D£¼E»¯ºÏÎïDCµÄ¾§ÌåΪÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬DµÄ¶þ¼ÛÑôÀë×ÓÓëCµÄÒõÀë×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹£¬CÐγÉ-2¼ÛÒõÀë×Ó£¬ÇÒDλÓÚCµÄÏÂÒ»ÖÜÆÚ£¬B¡¢CµÄÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã±ÈËüÃÇͬ×åÏàÁÚÖÜÆÚÔªËØÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã¸ß£¬·Ö×ÓÖдæÔÚÇâ¼ü£¬CÐγÉ-2¼ÛÒõÀë×Ó£¬ÔòCΪÑõÔªËØ£¬DΪþԪËØ£¬ºËµçºÉÊýB£¼C£¬ÔòBΪµªÔªËØ£»ÆäÖÐA¡¢B¡¢CÊÇͬһÖÜÆڵķǽðÊôÔªËØ£¬AC2Ϊ·Ç¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬ÔòAΪ̼ԪËØ£»EµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ24£¬ÔòEΪCrÔªËØ£»CrCl3ÄÜÓëNH3¡¢H2OÐγÉÁùÅäλµÄÅäºÏÎÇÒÁ½ÖÖÅäÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º1£¬ÔòÅäÌåÖÐÓÐ4¸öNH3¡¢2¸öH2O£¬Èý¸öÂÈÀë×ÓλÓÚÍâ½ç£¬¸ÃÅäºÏÎïΪ[Cr£¨NH3£©4£¨H2O£©2]Cl3£®
½â´ð ½â£ºA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¶¼ÊÇÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚµÄÔªËØ£¬ËüÃǵĺ˵çºÉÊýA£¼B£¼C£¼D£¼E»¯ºÏÎïDCµÄ¾§ÌåΪÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬DµÄ¶þ¼ÛÑôÀë×ÓÓëCµÄÒõÀë×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹£¬CÐγÉ-2¼ÛÒõÀë×Ó£¬ÇÒDλÓÚCµÄÏÂÒ»ÖÜÆÚ£¬B¡¢CµÄÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã±ÈËüÃÇͬ×åÏàÁÚÖÜÆÚÔªËØÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã¸ß£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÓ¦´æÔÚÇâ¼ü£¬CÐγÉ-2¼ÛÒõÀë×Ó£¬ÔòCΪÑõÔªËØ£¬DΪþԪËØ£¬ºËµçºÉÊýB£¼C£¬ÔòBΪµªÔªËØ£»ÆäÖÐA¡¢B¡¢CÊÇͬһÖÜÆڵķǽðÊôÔªËØ£¬AC2Ϊ·Ç¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬ÔòAΪ̼ԪËØ£»EµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ24£¬ÔòEΪCrÔªËØ£»CrCl3ÄÜÓëNH3¡¢H2OÐγÉÁùÅäλµÄÅäºÏÎÇÒÁ½ÖÖÅäÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º1£¬ÔòÅäÌåÖÐÓÐ4¸öNH3¡¢2¸öH2O£¬Èý¸öÂÈÀë×ÓλÓÚÍâ½ç£¬¸ÃÅäºÏÎïΪ[Cr£¨NH3£©4£¨H2O£©2]Cl3£®
¹ÊAΪ̼ԪËØ£»BΪµªÔªËØ£»CΪÑõÔªËØ£¬DΪþԪËØ£¬EΪCrÔªËØ£®
£¨1£©AΪ̼ԪËØ¡¢BΪµªÔªËØ¡¢CΪÑõÔªËØ£¬Í¬ÖÜÆÚ×Ô×ó¶øÓÒµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÔö´ó£¬µªÔªËØÔ×Ó2pÄܼ¶ÓÐ3¸öµç×Ó£¬´¦ÓÚ°ëÂúÎȶ¨×´Ì¬£¬µç×ÓÄÜÁ¿µÍ£¬µªÔªËصÚÒ»µçÀëÄܸßÓÚÏàÁÚµÄÔªËصģ¬ËùÒÔµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÓÉСµ½´óµÄ˳ÐòΪC£¼O£¼N£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC£¼O£¼N£»
£¨2£©BΪµªÔªËØ£¬ÆäÇ⻯ÎïΪNH3£¬·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ3¸öN-H¼ü£¬NÔ×ÓÓÐ1¶Ô¹Â¶Ôµç×Ó¶Ô£¬ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÊýΪ4£¬NÔ×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪÈý½Ç׶ÐÍ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÈý½Ç׶ÐÍ£»sp3£»
£¨3£©»¯ºÏÎïAC2ÊÇCO2£¬Ò»ÖÖÓÉNÔªËØ¡¢OÔªËØ»¯ºÏÎïÓëCO2»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌ壬Æ仯ѧʽΪN2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN2O£»
£¨4£©EΪCrÔªËØ£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊýΪ24£¬Ô×ÓºËÍâÓÐ24¸öµç×Ó£¬ºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½ÊÇ 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£»CrCl3ÄÜÓëNH3¡¢H2OÐγÉÁùÅäλµÄÅäºÏÎÇÒÁ½ÖÖÅäÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º1£¬ÔòÅäÌåÖÐÓÐ4¸öNH3¡¢2¸öH2O£¬Èý¸öÂÈÀë×ÓλÓÚÍâ½ç£¬¸ÃÅäºÏÎïΪ[Cr£¨NH3£©4£¨H2O£©2]Cl3£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1£»[Cr£¨NH3£©4£¨H2O£©2]Cl3£»
£¨5£©BµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔÓ¦µÄË®»¯ÎïΪHNO3£¬DµÄµ¥ÖÊΪMg£¬HNO3Ï¡ÈÜÒºÓëMg·´Ó¦Ê±£¬NÔªËر»»¹Ôµ½×îµÍ¼Û£¬ÔòÉú³ÉNH4NO3£¬Mg±»Ñõ»¯ÎªMg£¨NO3£©2£¬ÁîNH4NO3£¬Mg£¨NO3£©2µÄ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿Êý·Ö±ðΪx¡¢y£¬Ôò¸ù¾Ýµç×ÓתÒÆÊغãÓÐ[5-£¨-3£©]¡Áx=2y£¬ËùÒÔx£ºy=4£º1£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ4Mg+10HNO3=4Mg£¨NO3£©2+NH4NO3+3H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4Mg+10HNO3=4Mg£¨NO3£©2+NH4NO3+3H2O£®
µãÆÀ ÌâÄ¿×ÛºÏÐԽϴó£¬Éæ¼°½á¹¹ÐÔÖÊԽλÖùØϵ¡¢ÔªËØÖÜÆÚÂÉ¡¢µç×ÓʽÓëºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¡¢ÅäºÏÎïÓëÔÓ»¯ÀíÂÛ¡¢·Ö×ӽṹ£¬Ñõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦µÈ£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬ÊÇÎïÖʽṹµÄ×ÛºÏÐÔÌâÄ¿£¬ÊǶÔѧÉú×ÛºÏÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬Ç⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã±ÈËüÃÇͬ×åÏàÁÚÖÜÆÚÔªËØÇ⻯ÎïµÄ·Ðµã¸ßÊÇÍƶϵÄÍ»ÆÆ¿Ú£®
Ñ¡Ïî | ʵÑé²Ù×÷¼°ÆäÏÖÏó | ʵÑé½áÂÛ |
A | ȡij±´úÌþÉÙÐíÓëNaOHµÄÒÒ´¼ÈÜÒº¹²ÈÈ£¬È»ºó½«²úÉúµÄÆøÌåͨ¹ýËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒº£¬ËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒºÍÊÉ« | ±´úÌþÓëNaOHµÄÒÒ´¼ÈÜÒº¹²ÈÈÉú²úÁËÏ©Ìþ |
B | ÏòÂÁÖÆÒ×À¹ÞÖгäÂúCO2£¬È»ºóÏò¹ÞÄÚ×¢Èë×ãÁ¿µÄŨNaOH£¬Á¢¼´Óýº²¼·âס¹Þ¿Ú£¬¹Þ±ÚÁ¢¼´ÄÚÏÝ£¬Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬¹Þ±ÚÓÖÖØйÄÆðÀ´ | NaOHÈÜÒº¼´¿ÉÎüÊÕCO2£¬ÓÖ¿ÉÓë½ðÊôÂÁ·´Ó¦²úÉúÆøÌå |
C | È¡2mL 0.1mol•L-1 AgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬µÎÈë1mL 0.1mol•L-1 KSCNÈÜÒº£¬¾²Öúó£¬ÏòÉϲãÇåÒºÖеÎÈëFeCl3ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒº±äºì | ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÔÈ»ÓÐSCN- |
D | ½«ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐ×ÆÉÕ¹ýµÄ³ÊºÚÉ«µÄÍË¿³ÃÈȲåÈëÊ¢ÓÐÒÒ´¼µÄÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬ÍË¿±äΪºìÉ«£¬·´¸´Êý´Î£¬ÊÔ¹ÜÖеÄÒºÌåÓд̼¤ÐÔÆøζ | ÔÚ´Ë·´Ó¦ÖÐÍË¿×÷´ß»¯¼Á |
A£® | A | B£® | B | C£® | C | D£® | D |
A£® | µ¥Öʶ¼ÄÜÔÚO2ÖÐȼÉÕÉú³É¹ýÑõ»¯Îï | |
B£® | ´ÓLiµ½Cs£¬ÃܶÈÔ½À´Ô½´ó£¬ÈÛµãÔ½À´Ô½µÍ | |
C£® | µ¥Öʶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±£´æÔÚúÓÍÖÐ | |
D£® | µ¥Öʶ¼ÊÇÇ¿»¹Ô¼Á£¬ÓëË®·´Ó¦¶¼Éú³ÉÇ¿¼î |
΢Á£ | ClO- | ClO2- | ClO3- | ClO4- |
Á¢Ìå½á¹¹ | Ö±Ïß | VÐÍ | Èý½Ç׶ÐÎ | ÕýËÄÃæÌå |
A£® | H¡¢Be¡¢BÔ×Ó×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö¶à | B£® | P¡¢S¡¢ClÔªËØ×î¸ßÕý»¯ºÏ¼ÛÒÀ´Î½µµÍ | ||
C£® | C¡¢N¡¢O¡¢FÔ×Ӱ뾶ÒÀ´ÎÔö´ó | D£® | Li¡¢Na¡¢K¡¢RbµÄ½ðÊôÐÔÒÀ´Î¼õÈõ |