ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿²¿·ÖÈõËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÈç±í£º
ÈõËá | HCOOH | HClO | H2CO3 | H2SO3 |
µçÀëƽºâ ³£Êý£¨25¡æ£© | Ka£½1.77¡Á10£4 | Ka£½4.0¡Á10£8 | Ka1£½4.3¡Á10£7 Ka2£½4.7¡Á10£11 | Ka1£½1.54¡Á10£2 Ka2£½1.02¡Á10£7 |
£¨1£©ÊÒÎÂÏ¢Ù0.1mol¡¤L-1HCOONa£»¢Ú0.1mol¡¤L-1NaClO£»¢Û0.1mol¡¤L-1Na2CO3£»¢Ü0.1mol¡¤L-1NaHCO3ËÄÖÖÈÜÒºµÄpHÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ¹ØϵΪ________________¡££¨ÓÃÐòºÅÌî¿Õ£©
£¨2£©Å¨¶È¾ùΪ0.1 mol¡¤L£1µÄNa2SO3ºÍNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУ¬SO32-¡¢CO32-¡¢HSO3-¡¢HCO3-Ũ¶È´Ó´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ________________¡£
£¨3£©ÏÂÁÐÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ___________£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©¡£
A.2ClO-+H2O+CO2=2HClO+CO32- B.2HCOOH+CO32-=2HCOO-+H2O+CO2¡ü
C.H2SO3+2HCOO-=2HCOOH+SO32- D.Cl2+H2O+2CO32-=2HCO3-+Cl-+ClO-
£¨4£©Ä³Î¶ȣ¨T¡æ£©ÏµÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬c£¨H+£©=10-xmol¡¤L-1£¬c£¨OH-=10-ymol¡¤L-1£¬xÓëyµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ¡£
¢Ù´ËζÈÏ£¬0.01mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öµÄOH-Ũ¶ÈΪ_______¡£
¢ÚÔÚ´ËζÈÏ£¬0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄNaHSO4ÈÜÒºÓë0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄBa(OH)2ÈÜÒº°´Ï±íÖмס¢ÒÒ¡¢±û¡¢¶¡²»Í¬·½Ê½»ìºÏ£º
¼× | ÒÒ | ±û | ¶¡ | |
0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄBa£¨OH£©2 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄNaHSO4 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
°´¼×·½Ê½»ìºÏºó£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºµÄpHΪ____________£»
°´ÒÒ·½Ê½»ìºÏºó£¬Æä·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º_________________¡£
°´¶¡·½Ê½»ìºÏºó£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºÏÔ____________£¨Ìî¡°Ëᡱ¡°¼î¡±»ò¡°ÖС±£©ÐÔ
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿¢Û£¾¢Ú£¾¢Ü£¾¢Ù c£¨SO32-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨HSO3-£© BD 1¡Á10-10mol¡¤L-1 11 Ba2£«£«OH££«H£«£«SO42£=BaSO4¡ý£«H2O ÖÐ
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
£¨1£©ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬ÏàͬÌõ¼þÏ£¬ËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýԽС£¬ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈԽС£¬Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄÄÆÑÎÈÜÒºpHÔ½´ó£»
£¨2£©ÑÎÔÚÈÜÒºÖеÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐËá¸ùµÄŨ¶ÈԽС£»
£¨3£©ÓɵçÀë³£ÊýÅжÏËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óС£¬ÓÉÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËáµÄÔÀíÅжϷ´Ó¦ÊÇ·ñ·¢Éú£»
£¨4£©Kw=c£¨H+£©c£¨OH-£©=10-x10-y=10-£¨x+y£©£¬¸ù¾Ýͼʾ¿ÉÖªµ±x=12ʱ£¬c£¨OH-£©=1mol/L£¬µ±y=12ʱ£¬c£¨H+£©=1mol/L£¬¹ÊKw=1¡Á10-12¡£
£¨1£©ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬ÏàͬÌõ¼þÏ£¬ËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýԽС£¬ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈԽС£¬Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄÄÆÑÎÈÜÒºpHÔ½´ó£¬¸ù¾ÝµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÖª£¬Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È´óС˳ÐòΪCO32-£¾ClO-£¾HCO3-£¾CH3COO-£¬ÔòËÄÖÖÈÜÒºµÄpHÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ¹ØϵΪ¢Û£¾¢Ú£¾¢Ü£¾¢Ù£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢Û£¾¢Ú£¾¢Ü£¾¢Ù£»
£¨2£©ÑÎÔÚÈÜÒºÖеÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐËá¸ùµÄŨ¶ÈԽС£¬ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶ÈCO32-£¾SO32-£¬ÔòŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.1 mol¡¤L£1µÄNa2SO3ºÍNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУ¬SO32-¡¢CO32-¡¢HSO3-¡¢HCO3-Ũ¶È´Ó´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪc£¨SO32-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨HSO3-£©£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨SO32-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨HSO3-£©£»
£¨3£©ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬´ÎÂÈËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ù£¬ÓÉÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËáµÄÔÀí¿ÉÖª£¬¿ÉÈÜÐÔ´ÎÂÈËáÑÎÓë̼Ëá·´Ó¦Éú³É´ÎÂÈËáºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆ£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪClO-+H2O+CO2=HClO+HCO3-£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
B¡¢ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬¼×ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚ̼ËᣬÓÉÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËáµÄÔÀí¿ÉÖª£¬¿ÉÈÜÐÔ̼ËáÑÎÓë¼×Ëá·´Ó¦Éú³É¼×ËáÄÆ¡¢¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍË®£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ2HCOOH+CO32-=2HCOO-+H2O+CO2¡ü£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
C¡¢ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬¼×ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈСÓÚÑÇÁòËá´óÓÚÑÇÁòËáÇâ¸ù£¬ÓÉÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËáµÄÔÀí¿ÉÖª£¬¼×ËáÑÎÓëÑÇÁòËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÑÇÁòËáÇâÄƺͼ×Ëᣬ·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪH2SO3+HCOO-=HCOOH+HSO3-£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
D¡¢ÓɵçÀë³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬´ÎÂÈËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈСÓÚ̼Ëá´óÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ù£¬ÓÉÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËáµÄÔÀí¿ÉÖª£¬ÂÈË®ÖÐÑÎËáºÍ´ÎÂÈËáÓë×ãÁ¿Ì¼ËáÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÇâÄƺʹÎÂÈËáÄÆ£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪCl2+H2O+2CO32-=2HCO3-+Cl-+ClO-£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
BDÕýÈ·£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBD£»
£¨4£©Kw=c£¨H+£©c£¨OH-£©=10-x10-y=10-£¨x+y£©£¬¸ù¾Ýͼʾ¿ÉÖªµ±x=12ʱ£¬c£¨OH-£©=1mol/L£¬µ±y=12ʱ£¬c£¨H+£©=1mol/L£¬¹ÊKw=1¡Á10-12¡£
¢Ù´ËζÈÏ£¬0.01mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖУ¬c£¨OH-£©=0.01mol/L£¬Ë®µçÀë³öµÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÈÓÚË®µçÀë³öµÄOH-Ũ¶È£¬ÔòË®µçÀë³öµÄOH-Ũ¶ÈΪ=1¡Á10-10 mol/L£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1¡Á10-10 mol/L£»
¢Ú0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄNaHSO4ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ0.1mol/L£¬ 0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄBa(OH)2ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ0.2mol/L¡£
ÓÉÌâ¸øÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬°´¼×·½Ê½»ìºÏºó£¬Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒº¹ýÁ¿£¬·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºÖÐOH-Ũ¶ÈΪ=0.1mol/L£¬ÔòÈÜÒºµÄpHΪ11£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º11£»
ÓÉÌâ¸øÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬°´ÒÒ·½Ê½»ìºÏºó£¬ÇâÑõ»¯±µÈÜÒº²¿·ÖÓëÁòËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÁòËá±µ³Áµí¡¢ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍË®£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪBa2£«£«OH££«H£«£«SO42£=BaSO4¡ý£«H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa2£«£«OH££«H£«
ÓÉÌâ¸øÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬°´¶¡·½Ê½»ìºÏºó£¬ÇâÀë×ÓºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬ÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó²¿·Ö³Áµí£¬ÔòÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÖÐÐÔ¡£