ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
18£®ÏÖÓÐÆßÖÖÔªËØ£¬ÆäÖÐA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢EΪ¶ÌÖÜÆÚÖ÷×åÔªËØ£¬F¡¢GΪµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬ËüÃǵÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö´ó£®Çë¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢£¬»Ø´ðÎÊÌ⣺AÔªËصĺËÍâµç×ÓÊýºÍµç×Ó²ãÊýÏàµÈ£¬Ò²ÊÇÓîÖæÖÐ×î·á¸»µÄÔªËØ£® |
BÔªËØÔ×ӵĺËÍâpµç×ÓÊý±Èsµç×ÓÊýÉÙ1£® |
CÔ×ӵĵÚÒ»ÖÁµÚËĵçÀëÄÜ·Ö±ðÊÇ£ºI1=738kJ/mol I2=1451J/mol I3=7733kJ/mol I4=10540kJ/mol |
DÔ×ÓºËÍâËùÓÐp¹ìµÀÈ«Âú»ò°ëÂú£® |
EÔªËصÄÖ÷×åÐòÊýÓëÖÜÆÚÊýµÄ²îΪ4£® |
FÊÇÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚÖе縺ÐÔ×îСµÄÔªËØ£® |
GÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íµÄµÚÆßÁУ® |
£¨2£©BµÄ»ù̬Ô×ÓÖÐÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄµç×Ó£¬Æäµç×ÓÔÆÔÚ¿Õ¼äÓÐ3¸öÉìÕ¹·½Ïò£¬Ô×Ó¹ìµÀ³Ê·Ä´¸ÐΣ®
£¨3£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöÐÅÏ¢£¬ÍƶÏCµÄ»ù̬Ô×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Í¼Îª£º£¬¸ÃͬѧËù»µÄµç×ÓÅŲ¼Í¼Î¥±³ÁËÅÝÀûÔÀí£®
£¨4£©GλÓÚ¢÷B×ådÇø£¬¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d54s2£®
£¨5£©Çëд³öÔªËØD¡¢E¡¢FÔ×ÓµÄ×îÍâ²ãµç×ӵijɶԵç×ÓÊý1¡¢3¡¢1£®
·ÖÎö A¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢EΪ¶ÌÖÜÆÚÖ÷×åÔªËØ£¬F¡¢GΪµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬ËüÃǵÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö´ó£®
AÔªËصĺËÍâµç×ÓÊýºÍµç×Ó²ãÊýÏàµÈ£¬Ò²ÊÇÓîÖæÖÐ×î·á¸»µÄÔªËØ£¬ÔòAΪHÔªËØ£»
BÔªËØÔ×ӵĺËÍâpµç×ÓÊý±Èsµç×ÓÊýÉÙ1£¬Ô×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s22s22p3£¬¹ÊBΪNÔªËØ£»
ÓÉCÔ×ӵĵÚÒ»ÖÁµÚËĵçÀëÄÜÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬µÚÈýµçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬¹ÊC±íÏÖ+2¼Û£¬´¦ÓÚ¢òA×壬Ô×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚNÔªËØ£¬¹ÊCΪMgÔªËØ£»
D´¦ÓÚµÚÈýÖÜÆÚ£¬DÔ×ÓºËÍâËùÓÐp¹ìµÀÈ«Âú»ò°ëÂú£¬×îÍâ²ãÅŲ¼Îª3s23p3£¬¹ÊDΪPÔªËØ£»
E´¦ÓÚµÚÈýÖÜÆÚ£¬EÔªËصÄÖ÷×åÐòÊýÓëÖÜÆÚÊýµÄ²îΪ4£¬E´¦ÓÚµÚ¢÷A×壬¹ÊEΪClÔªËØ£»
FÊÇÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚÖе縺ÐÔ×îСµÄÔªËØ£¬FΪµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬¹ÊFΪKÔªËØ£»
GÔÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÖÜÆÚ±íµÄµÚ7ÁУ¬GΪMnÔªËØ£®
½â´ð ½â£ºA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢EΪ¶ÌÖÜÆÚÖ÷×åÔªËØ£¬F¡¢GΪµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬ËüÃǵÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö´ó£®
AÔªËصĺËÍâµç×ÓÊýºÍµç×Ó²ãÊýÏàµÈ£¬Ò²ÊÇÓîÖæÖÐ×î·á¸»µÄÔªËØ£¬ÔòAΪHÔªËØ£»
BÔªËØÔ×ӵĺËÍâpµç×ÓÊý±Èsµç×ÓÊýÉÙ1£¬Ô×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s22s22p3£¬¹ÊBΪNÔªËØ£»
ÓÉCÔ×ӵĵÚÒ»ÖÁµÚËĵçÀëÄÜÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬µÚÈýµçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬¹ÊC±íÏÖ+2¼Û£¬´¦ÓÚ¢òA×壬Ô×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚNÔªËØ£¬¹ÊCΪMgÔªËØ£»
D´¦ÓÚµÚÈýÖÜÆÚ£¬DÔ×ÓºËÍâËùÓÐp¹ìµÀÈ«Âú»ò°ëÂú£¬×îÍâ²ãÅŲ¼Îª3s23p3£¬¹ÊDΪPÔªËØ£»
E´¦ÓÚµÚÈýÖÜÆÚ£¬EÔªËصÄÖ÷×åÐòÊýÓëÖÜÆÚÊýµÄ²îΪ4£¬E´¦ÓÚµÚ¢÷A×壬¹ÊEΪClÔªËØ£»
FÊÇÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚÖе縺ÐÔ×îСµÄÔªËØ£¬FΪµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬¹ÊFΪKÔªËØ£»
GÔÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚÖÜÆÚ±íµÄµÚ7ÁУ¬GΪMnÔªËØ£®
£¨1£©NH5ΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎÊÇÓÉNH4+ÓëH-Á½ÖÖÁ£¹¹³É£¬µç×ÓʽΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨2£©BΪNÔªËØ£¬ºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s2ns2np3£¬»ù̬Ô×ÓÖÐÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄµç×Ó£¬´¦ÓÚ2pÄܼ¶£¬ÓÐ3¸öµç×Ó£¬Æäµç×ÓÔÆÔÚ¿Õ¼äÓÐ3¸ö·½Ïò£¬Ô×Ó¹ìµÀ³Ê·Ä´¸ÐΣ¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º3£»·Ä´¸£»
£¨3£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöÐÅÏ¢£¬ÍƶÏC»ù̬Ô×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª£¬¸ÃͬѧËù»µÄµç×ÓÅŲ¼Í¼ÖÐ3sÄܼ¶ÖÐ2¸öµç×Ó×ÔÐý·½ÏòÏàͬ£¬Î¥±³ÁËÅÝÀûÔÀí£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÅÝÀûÔÀí£»
£¨4£©GΪMnÔªËØ£¬ÊÇ25ºÅÔªËØ£¬Î»ÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚµÚ¢÷B×壬×îºóÌî³äµÄΪdµç×Ó£¬ÎªdÇøÔªËØ£¬¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d54s2£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢÷B£»d£»3d54s2£»
£¨5£©P¡¢Cl¡¢KÔ×ÓµÄ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÅŲ¼·Ö±ðΪ3s23p3¡¢3s23p5¡¢4s1£¬×îÍâ²ãµç×ӵijɶԵç×ÓÊý·Ö±ðΪ1¡¢3¡¢1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1£»3£»1£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é½á¹¹ÐÔÖÊÓëλÖùØϵ¡¢ºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¹æÂÉ¡¢µçÀëÄÜ¡¢ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÀíÂÛ¡¢·Ö×ӽṹµÈ£¬×ÛºÏÐԽϴó£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬ÍƶÏÔªËØÊǽâÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢Òâ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶µÄÕÆÎÕ£®
A£® | ¿ÉʹʯÈïÊÔÒºÍÊÉ« | B£® | Óë×ãÁ¿µÄNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNa2SO4 | ||
C£® | ²»ÄÜÓë¹ýÑõ»¯Ç⣨H2O2£©ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦ | D£® | ÄÜʹƷºìÍÊÉ«£¬¼ÓÈȺóÓÖ³öÏÖºìÉ« |
A£® | Öкͷ´Ó¦·´Ó¦ÈȵIJⶨʵÑéÖУ¬½«»·Ðβ£Á§½Á°è°ô»»³É»·ÐÎÍË¿½Á°è°ô²â¶¨³öÀ´µÄÖкÍÈÈֵƫ´ó | |
B£® | ÔÚ101kPaʱ£¬2gH2ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮ£¬·Å³ö285.8kJÈÈÁ¿£¬ÇâÆøȼÉÕµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ±íʾΪ£º2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-571.6KJ/mol | |
C£® | ½«0.5molN2ºÍ1.5molH2ÖÃÓÚÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Öгä·Ö·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH3£¨g£©£¬·ÅÈÈ19.3kJ£¬ÆäÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H=-38.6KJ/mol | |
D£® | HClºÍNaOH·´Ó¦µÄÖкÍÈÈ¡÷H=-57.3KJ/mol£¬ÔòH2SO4ºÍCa£¨OH£©2·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ÈÈ¡÷H=-£¨2¡Á57.3£©KJ/mol |
A£® | 11ºÍ16 | B£® | 6ºÍ8 | C£® | 12ºÍ17 | D£® | 20ºÍ9 |
A£® | 2-ÒÒ»ù±ûÍé | B£® | CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 1-¶¡´¼ | ||
C£® | ¶Ô¶þ¼×±½ | D£® | 2-¼×»ù-2-±ûÏ© |
¢Ù΢Á£°ë¾¶£ºr£¨K+£©£¾r£¨Al3+£©£¾r£¨S2-£©£¾r£¨Cl-£©
¢ÚÇ⻯ÎïµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£ºHF£¾HCl£¾H2S£¾PH3£¾SiH4
¢Û»¹ÔÐÔ£ºS2-£¾Cl-£¾Br-£¾I-
¢ÜÑõ»¯ÐÔ£ºCl2£¾S£¾Se£¾Te
¢ÝËáÐÔ£ºH2SO4£¾H3PO4£¾H2CO3£¾HClO
¢Þ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ£ºO£¾N£¾P£¾Si
¢ß½ðÊôÐÔ£ºBe£¼Mg£¼Ca£¼K£®
A£® | ¢Ù | B£® | ¢Ù¢Û | C£® | ¢Ú¢Û¢Ü¢Ý¢Þ¢ß | D£® | ¢Ù¢Û¢Ý |
A£® | +8QkJ/mol | B£® | +16Q kJ/mol | C£® | -8Q kJ/mol | D£® | -16Q kJ/mol |
A£® | ÊÓ»ÆÈ©µÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC21H26O | |
B£® | άÉúËØA·Ö×ӽṹÖк¬Óб½»·¡¢Ì¼Ì¼Ë«¼üºÍôÇ»ù | |
C£® | ÊÓ»ÆÈ©ÊÇάÉúËØAµÄÑõ»¯²úÎï | |
D£® | 1 mol¼×ºÍ1 molÒÒÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þϾù×î¶àÄÜÓë6 mol H2·¢Éú·´Ó¦ |