6. keep out (of) 挡住，不让进

　 He closed the window t0 keep the wind out (of the

　 house).

　 他关上窗户不让风进来(进房子)。

　 The sign says "Keep out!"

　 牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”

　 类似用法：keep off 别碰，避开

　 You'd better keep off the sweet food.

　 你最好少吃甜食。

　 Keep offthe grass!

　 请勿践踏草地!

[考点 1]含look的短语

① look at 看待；考虑；检查

② look around / about 环顾

③ look up 查阅；仰视

④ look into 调查

⑤ look on 旁观

⑥ look back on 回顾，回想

⑦ look down upon / on 看不起；鄙视

⑧ look over 翻阅；复习；检查

⑨ look to 照顾；注意

⑩ look up to 尊敬

⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；预计会有

⑥ look out for 提防；当心

⑩ look on / upon...as... 把……看作……

⑩ look like 看上去像

⑥ look for 寻找

⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人

⑥ look after 照看；照料

⑩ look ahead 向前看

⑩ look out 小心：看外面

④ look through 浏览；检查

[例句] That's the way I look at it．那就是我看待这事的

方式。

When all the facts have been looked up, pass them on

to me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。

The police are looking into the records of all those in-

volved in the crime. 警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的

记录。

Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from be-

ing a satisfactory conference. 回顾过去，人们会意识到

那不是一次成功的会议。

[考例1]In order to get a better solution. I think we'd

better ____ the question from all sides.

　　 A. look out　　 B. look up

　　 C. look for　　 D. look at

[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的搭配问题。

[答案与解析]D不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的意

义。look out 查处，找出；当心，注意。look for 寻找。

4. go against 违反，违背(意愿、原则等)；对……不利

　 (无被动形式)

　 I'm not to go against my own family.

　 我不会背离我自己的家人的。

　 He was afraid that the hattie would go against them.

　 他害怕那场战斗会对他们不利。

2. call up 打电话，唤醒，使人想起

　 The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of

　 his childhood.

　 海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。

　 Please call me up at five.

　 请五点叫醒我 (或：五点打电话给我)

　 已学与 call 常见的搭配还有：

　 call off (取消，挂断电话)

　 call at / on (拜访某地／某人)

　 call for (要求，来找某人)

　 call in (召集，召来)

[考点4]含 come into 的动词短语

① come into being 形成；产生

② come into effect / force 开始实施；生效

③ come into use / service 开始使用

④ come into power 开始执政；上台

⑤ come into view / sight 进入视线

⑥ come into fashion 开始流行

[例句] Romanticism didn't come into being until in the

late 18 century in Europe. 浪漫主义运动直到18世纪未

期才产生于欧洲。

The new seat-beh regulations came into effect last

week. 使用安全带的新规定于上周生效。

[考例4] The church gate came into ____ as we

rounded the next corner.

　　 A. being　　 B. service

　　 C. effect　　 D. view

[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词搭配问题。

[答案与解析]D　 题意：我们又拐了一个弯时，教堂的

大门映入了我们的眼帘。

4. -- Do you like the material?

　 -- Yes, it ____ very soft.

　　 [短语归类]

[考点3]含 as 的动词短语

① experience...as = consider...as = look upon / on…as

　 = treat...as 把……认为是

② act as 担任；起……的作用

③ serve as 当，充当

④ work as 当，充当

⑤ use...as把……用作……

[例句] The theory is experienced as very advanced. 这

个理论被认为是非常高深的．

He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在时他担任

主席。

He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐馆里

当服务员。

[考例 3]Classroom testing, if well down, most certain-

ly ____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and real

learning.

　　 A. uses　　 B. looks

　　 C. acts　　 D. does

[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的辨义问题。

[答案与解析]C　 弄清题意。准确地判断空白处的意

义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好的话，一定会对学

习和真正的学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可

以充当刺激。A项应该使用被动态，B、D两项则不能

和 as 构成搭配。

3. The theory which he ____ to proved to be cor-

　 rect.

2. The course is ____ to improve the students'

　 writing abilities in a short time.

1. What ____ me most was the high speed of indus-

　 trial development in Shanghai.

3. stand vi. 竖立，位于 vt. 使站立，忍受

　 (1) 不及物用法

　 There stands an ancient in front of my house.

　 我的房子前面立着一棵古树。

　 The room has stood empty for months.

　 这间房间空了好几个月了。

　 注：stand后接形容词相当于stay / remain + adj. 用

　 法，表示主语处于一种状态。

　 (2) 及物用法

　 I can't stand being laughed at in public.

　 我不能忍受在公共场合被人讥笑。

　 He couldn't stand that old woman living next door; she

　 talked too much.

　 他不能忍受隔壁的老太太，她太唠叨了。

　 注：stand不用于被动语态和进行时态；与can / could

　 连用，后面常接名词、动名词。

[考点6]stick 的用法

▲ 搭配：

① stick to 坚持；粘住；固守

② be / get stuck 卡住；陷在中间；处于困境

[考例6](2004湖北) Once a decision has been made,

all of us should ____ it.

　　 A. direct to　　 B. stick to

　　 C. lead to　　 D. refer to

[考查目标]考查短语在具体语境中的运用。

[答案与解析]B　 direct to表示“对准”；stick to 表示

“坚持”；lead to 表示“通向”；refer to 表示“参考”。结

合上下文应该表示坚持。

[考点7]disturb的用法

▲ 构词：distur bing adj. 烦扰的

▲ 辨析：disturb; interrupt

两词都是动词，含有“打扰”的意思，但disturb强调扰

乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序。而interrupt则强调

使工作、谈话等中断。例如：

The noise disturbs us day and night. 噪音日夜扰乱着我

们。

I'm sorry to interrupt but there is a phone call for you.

真对不起打扰你．有电话找你。

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(design, stick, feel, impress)

9. Man-made 人造的

　 由“名词 + 过去分词”构成，做定语修饰名词，表示被

　 动，如：a snow-covered mountain (大雪覆盖的山)。

　 表示被动做定语的构词还有“副词 + 过去分词”，如：

　 a newly-built house (一座新建的房子)。

　 另外，“名词 + 现在分词”做定语表示主动意义。如a

　 peace-loving people (一个爱好和平的民族)；

　 表示主动意义的还有“形容词 + 过去分词”，如：a

　 warm-hearted lady (一个热心的女士)

　 “形容词 + 现在分词”如：a easy-going girl (一个随和

　 的女孩)。

[考点2]sale 的用法

▲构词：

① salesgirl 女销售员

② salesboy 男销售员

③ salesman / saleswoman 售货员；推销员

▲ 搭配：

① on sale 在(削价)销售，(有货)售卖；上市

② for sale 待售，出售的

③ a sales manager / director 销售部经理／主任

④ sales tax 销售税

⑤ sales department 销售部；门市部

▲ 句型：sth enjoy / have a large / good sale = sth sell

well某物销路好；某物销量大；畅销

▲ 友情提示：sale作定语时需用复数形式sales。

[考例2]The old man has a three-bedroom and one-

diningroom house ____.

　　 A. for sale　　　　　 B. for sales

　　 C. on sales　　　　　 D. for sell

[考查目标] 考查短语的固定搭配。

[答案与解析] A　 “待售，出售的”的固定短语为 for

sale。

[考点3]stand的用法

▲ 搭配：

① stand for 代表；意味着，是……缩写；代替；象征；支

　 持

② stand out 显眼；醒目；突出；杰出，出色

③ stand by 袖手旁观；忠于坚守

④ stand up 起立，站起

⑤ stand up for 为某人／某事说话、工作等；支持某人／某

　 事

[考例3]Richard became quite angry by the time Hilda

turned up. He ____ in the rain for half an hour

　waiting for her.

　　 A. stopped　　 B. has expected

　　 C. has been sitting D. had stood

[考查目标] 考查动词在实际语境中的运用。

[答案与解析]D for 短语经常使用完成时态，先排除

A项；根据句子上下文中的意思“他一直站在雨中等她

使得他生气”。

10. invited“被吸引的，被引诱的”，是invite的过去分词。

　 invite v. 邀请；征求(意见等)；吸引；引起，招致(坏的

　 事物)

　 I invited all my relatives to my birthday party.

　 我邀请了所有的亲戚参加我的生日晚会。

　 Mter the speech, he invited questions and suggestions

　 from us.

　 讲完话之后，他征询我们的问题和意见。

　 The dishes look inviting.

　 这些菜看起来很诱人。

　 Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble!

　 汽车不上锁纯粹是自找麻烦!