1. rather than... 是……而不是……；与其……不如……；不愿

[典例]

1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。

2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price与其让蔬菜烂掉，他半价把它们卖掉。

[重点用法]

do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做B却做A

A rather than B 是A而不是B

would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做B

prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做B

would rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事

注意：rather than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。

[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。

1). He came running all the way ______ ______walking.　　

2). Rather than ______ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ (ride) a bicycle.

3). I’ d rather you ______ ______ (not come) yesterday.

4). She likes to keep things in the house ______ ______ throw them away, though many are useless.

5). I think Tom, ______ ______ you, ______ ______ ______ (blame).

6). 他宁愿死也不愿在街上乞讨。_____________________________________________

答案：1). rather than　 2). ride; to ride　　　　　　 3). hadn’ t come　　 4). rather than　　 5). rather than; is to blame

6). He would rather die than beg in the street. = He would die rather than beg in the street.

8. impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记　 impression n.[c]印象；感想　 impressive adj.给人印象深刻的

[典例]

1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。

2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。

[重点用法]

impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物　

make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 给……一个印象

have/get the impression that 有……的印象

[练习] 用impress的短语或介词填空。

1). Father _______ _______ me the value of hard work.

2). One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge.

3). You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us.

4). When I first met him I ______ ______ ______ ______ he was a humorous man.

答案：1). impressed; on　 2). impressed; with　　 3). made; impression upon　　 4). had the impression that　

7. terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓 terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的 terrifying adj.(令人)可怕的

[典例]

1). He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。

2). Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。

[重点用法]

be terrified at/by sth. 被某事(物)恐吓　　 be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事(物)

[练习] 用terrify的适当形式或介词填空。

1). She ______ that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.

2). She was terrified ______ the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.

3). It was a ______ experience.

答案：1). was terrified that 　　 　2). at　　 3). terrifying

6. nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近

[典例]

1). Her mother lived in a nearby town. 他的妈妈住在一个附近的城镇。

2). Her mother lived nearby. 他的妈妈住在附近。

[重点用法]

nearby作形容词时，既可放在被修饰词之后也可放在被修饰词之前。如：

There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby.

5. mix vt.&vi. 混合；调配　 mixture n.[u,c] 混合(物)；混合状态

[典例]

1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。

2). Oil and water don’ t mix. 油和水不能混合。

3). Oil won’ t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。

[词语归纳] mix的短语：

mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来　　　　　 mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物

mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去　　　　　　　　 be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关；与某人混在一起

[练习] 用mix的短语的适当形式或介词填空。

1). Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.　　

2). Mix the eggs ______ the flour.

3). I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair.

答案：1). mix; with　　 　　 2). into　　 3). be mixed up

4. measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定　 n.[c,u] 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施

[典例]

1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?

2). It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。

[重点用法]

measure A by B 用B衡量A 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米

measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’ s measure 给某人量身做一套衣服　　

[练习] 用measure的短语填空或翻译句子。

1). The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______.　

2). Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have.

3). 我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

答案：1). to my measure　 2). measured by 　3). Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres.

3. surround vt.&vi. 包围；围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings (常用pl.)环境

[典例]

1). Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘。

2). The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。

[重点用法]

surround...with... 用……包围…… 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 be surrounded by/with... 周围都是……　

[练习] 用surround的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). _______ by a group of children, he felt happy.　

2). There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas.

3). She has always been _______ _______fashionable friends.

4). She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _______.　

5). With the house_______, the thief couldn’t flee and was caught.

答案：1). Surrounded　 　 2). surrounding 　　3). surrounded with　 4). surroundings　　 5). surrounded

2. eastward adv. 向东　 adj. 向东的；朝东的

[典例]

1). They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。

2). The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飞机向东边飞去。

[词语归纳]

eastward(s) adj./adv. 向东的，向东地　　　　 　　 　　　　　　 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的，向西地

southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的，向南地　　　　　　　　　　　　　 northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的，向北地

southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东南的，向东南地　　　　　　　　　　 northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地

southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的，向西南地　　　　　　 northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟) traveled ________ in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist scripture.

2). When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an __________ direction.

答案：1). westward(s)　　　 　 2). southward(s)

1. chat vi.&n. 聊天；闲聊

[典例]

1). What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?

2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).(关於她的工作)我和她聊了很久。

[重点用法]

chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈……

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式或介词。

1). She often spends hours on the phone _______ (chat) to her friends.

2). We had a nice chat _______ (介词) a cup of tea.

答案：1). chatting　　　 　 2). over