3. result in 导致
[典例]
1) Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。
2) Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败.
3) The accident resulted in the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
4) Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。
[短语归纳]
lead to作“导致”
result from 由...产生；
as result 因此; 结果；
as a result of作为...的结果; 由于...
without result 无效地, 毫无结果地；
[练习]根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。(每空一词)
1) 结果他们拯救了这座森林里90%的树木。
_____ _____ _____, they saved 90% of the trees in the forest.
2) 我一直在想法打开箱子，但到现在这没有没打开。
I've been trying to open the box, but _____ _____ so far.
3) 此项工程的搁置已导致了6个人被解雇。
The shelving of the project have_____ _____ six redundancy.
4) 她勤奋苦读，终于进了中山大学。
_____ _____ _____ of her hard work was a place at Zhongshan University.
Keys: 1) As a result 2) without result 3) resulted in 4)As a result
2. quantities of 大量的
1) Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.
在参加入学考试前，他们得做大量的练习。
2) He drinks large quantities of water every day.他每天都喝大量的水。
A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词(可数/不可数)
A mount of/ amounts of+不可数名词
注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。
[练习] 汉译英
1) 桌上摆满大量的食物。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2) 在这个地区仅提供少量的牛奶
Keys: 1) Large quantities of food were on the table. 2) Only a small quantity of milk is offered in this area.
1. come about 发生
1) How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的?
2) I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.
我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
come along 出现, 发生；
come out 出来, 长出；
come to 达到；
come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟；
come up with 赶上, 提出
[链接高考]It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it ____________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up
答案与分析：C。考查动词come构成的短语。A为“过去”；B为“出来”；D为“出现，到来”；
为“发生”。
7. refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新
1) When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea困时喝杯茶提神
2) Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。
3) The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。
1) 长时间工作后，一杯冰水使他精神振作。
2) 有时一件小东西也会唤起人们的记忆
Keys: 1) A cup of icy water refreshed him after a long time’s work. 2) Sometimes, a small thing all can refresh your memory
V. 词组
6. existence n.生存
1) Anything in existence is reasonable.所有的存在都是合理的。
2) In the middle age, no one doubted about the existence of God中世纪时没人怀疑上帝的存在
[重点用法]
in existence存在
exist v.存在
1) 富裕和贫穷同时存在于这个世界里。
2) 人们认为他是这个世界上最好心的人。
Keys: 1) Wealth and poverty exist at the same time in the world. 2) He is believed to be the kindest person in existence.
5． average adj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的 n.平均，平均数
1) His average result of this three subjects is 96. 他三科的平均成绩是96。
2) The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24。 4、8和60的平均数是24。
above the average 高于平均水平
below the average在一般水平以下
on the average平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说
1) 他在我们班处于中等位置。
2)这一地区农民的收入高于全省的平均水平。
Keys: 1) He is an average student in our class. 2) The income of the farmers in this area is above the average of the province.
4. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于
beyond the range of…超越……的范围
out of one’s range某人达不到的
range oneself站在……的方面
range from… to … / between… and …从……到……不等
[练习] 根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。
1) The shop keeps____________________(商品品种多) .
2)_____________(年龄范围)i s from six to twelve years old.
3)The temperature__________________________(在15度到35度之间).
4)We should _______________(列身于; 站在……的方面)on the side of law and order.
Keys: 1)a wide range of goods 2) The age range 3) ranges from 15 to 35 degrees 4)range ourselves
3. state vt.声明, 陈述 n.状况，情况；国家
state+名词/that从句/wh-从句
statement n. 声明, 陈述
1) She is in a terrible state today. 她今天心情不好。
2) the head of state国家首脑
3) He has publicly stated his support for the policy. 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。
1) 合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。
2) 我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。
Keys: 1) The contract stated when the work should be finished. 2) I heard the official state that they would
not accept children.
2. tend vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理
tendency n. 趋向，倾向(常与to/towards连用)
1) Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。
2) The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老人更容易轻信陌生人。
3) A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake.
一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。
4) Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势
1) 处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。
2) 当老板不在时请他照看一个商店
Keys: 1)People under stress tend to develop their full range of potential. 2) He was required to tend a store in the owner's absence.
1. phenomenon n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物 phenomena(pl.)
1) Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 雨雪是天气现象。
2) Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。
3) the phenomena of nature自然现象
4) a social phenomenon社会现象
1) 月蚀是一种罕见的现象。
________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 你能向我解释下这一奇怪的自然现象吗？
3) 尽管中途退出了2008年奥运会，刘翔依然是跨栏项目的罕见的人才。
Keys: 1) An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon. 2) Could you explain to me the strange natural phenomenon?
3) Though quitting in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Liu Xiang is still a phenomenon in hurdle racing.