6. instruct vt教导; 指示

[典例]

1)Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.

2)The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English

这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.

3)He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知

4)He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。

[重点用法]

instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,传授技能

instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,

instruct that-clause通知

[练习] 汉译英

1)老职工对青年职工言传身教.

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2)同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里.

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Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.

5. blame vt．责备；谴责；归咎于；

n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任

[典例]

1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday．

　　 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure?　 谁该为这次的失败负责?

3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．学生因失败而怪老师。

[重点用法]

blame sb．for(doing)sth．　 因(做)某事而指责某人

blame sth．on sb．　 因某事而指责某人

sb．be to blame for(doing)sth．　 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；

注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。

[练习] 汉译英

1)看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.

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2)这件事谁也不能怨.

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3)他指责你玩忽职守.

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Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.

4. absorb

1) 吸收　 2)使(精神)贯注　 3)占用(时间)

[重点用法]

be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;

absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力

[典例]

1)The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分

2)He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。

3)This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。

[练习] 汉译英

1)　　 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。

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2)　　 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。

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Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.

3. expose　 vt.

1)使暴露, 显露　 2)曝光　 3)揭露

[重点用法]

exposure n．(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接to + n．)；(摄影的)曝光

be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于…

　[典例]

1)A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music

称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐

2)This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。

3)He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。

4)Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry．我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。

5)As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.

[练习]用expose的恰当形式填空。

1)The soil was washed away by the flood，_____________bare rock．　　

2)The baby was left ____________the wind and rain．　

3)The _____________of the plot against the President probably saved his life．

Keys: 1) exposing　 2) exposed to　 3) exposure

2. attend v.　 1)注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with

2) 出席；到场：　 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after

[典例]

1)We'll attend to the problem later． 稍后我们将关注那个问题。

2)Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?

[重点用法]

attendance n．　 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料　 　

attend school上学

attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议

attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼‘/参加典礼

[练习] 汉译英

1)　　 他们在我们不在时管理事务。

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2) 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。

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Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.

1. conclude 　vi.终结； 结束; 推断； 决定

[典例]

1)The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 会议于十点钟结束。

2)It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。

[重点用法]

conclusion n. 结束,结论

make／draw／reach／come to／arrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论；

bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束；

in conclusion作为结论，最后；

[练习] 汉译英

1)　　 我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。

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2)　　 我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。

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Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.

84．Why are rats often used to test new medicines for us humans? (回答词数不超过12个)

Section C　 (25分)

Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese and the pictures.

春节期间，你同你父母回乡下老家看望你爷爷奶奶，这是你时隔五年后的又一次回乡下，下面是你在乡下的所见所闻，请根据图画内容，写一篇120字以上的英语短文，描述乡村的变化。

　　　 注意：短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息，并作适当发挥，使短文内容连贯完整。

　　　 参考词汇：沼气marsh gas

83．In which way did rats cause one third of the world's human　 population died? (回答词数不超过5个)