11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。

[考纲要求]非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。

对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。

[教法指引]非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习：

9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语；

7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；

4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别；

19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching　 D.all the above

5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。

有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时，应注意：原句中含有 be 动词时，一律改成 being 形式， being 后面为非名词时 being 可忽略。

独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外，还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构，即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构，可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。

[专题综合]1. ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw　 　　B. Thrown　 　　　C. Throwing　　　 　D. Being throwing 2.　 ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

A. To walk　　　 　B. Walking　 　　C. Walked　　　　 　D. Having walked 3. I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention ____ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote　 　　　　　　　　　B. having been promoted　

C. having promoted　 　　　　　　　D. to be promoted 4. The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.

A. to be sent 　　B. to send 　　　C. being sent　 　　D. sending 5. ____ around the Water Cube, we wre then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A.Having shown 　B. To be shown 　C. Having been shown　D. to show 6. We had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment

A. wait 　　　　　B. to be waiting C. waited　　 　　　　D. waiting 7. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail　　　　 　B. Failed　 　　　C. To fail　　　 　　D. Having failed 8. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.

A. finding　 　　　B. being found　 　C. to find　 　　　　D. found 9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting　 　　　B.To wait　 　　　C. Having waited　 　D. To have waited 10.----Can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me? 　 -----No problem. A. seat　 　　　　B. sit　 　　　　C. seated　 　　　　D. sat 11.He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

A. to stop　 　　　B. stopping　　 　C. to have stopped　 D. having stopped 12. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A. seating　 　　　B. seated　　　 　C. to seat　 　　　　D. to be seated 13.----they are quiet, aren't they? 　----yes. They are accustomed ______at meal. A. to talk　 　　　B. to not talk　 C. to talking　　　 　D. to not talking 14.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______as much as we can. A. speak　　　 　B. speaking　 　　　C. spoken　 　　　　　D. to speak 15. Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.

A. working　 　　B. work　　　　　 　C. to work　 　　　　D. worked 16.The soldier fell asleep ________. A.with the candle burning 　　　　　B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle　 D.when burning the candle 17.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. A.Being on　　　 　　　　　　　　　　B.When being on

C.With all the lights on 　　　　　D.When it turns on all the lights 18.____ the notice, he had an idea. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching　 D.all the above

4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。

　要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时，应注意：要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子，当复合句或并列句的主语一致时，适合改成分词作状语；当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时，适合改成独立主格结构作状语。

3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。

分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语，独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。

2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能。

我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。

1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念。

最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构，它的作用相当于状语。