5、 过去分词与现在分词被动完成式的比较：

(1)在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语时，用过去分词，而不用现在分词完成式。如：

We lived in the house built in 1989. (定语)

The cup , which I borrowed from my friend, is broken.(表语)

I found the man shot death behind the tree.(宾语补足语)

　 (2)在句中作状语时，一般情况下可互换。但不强调时间先后，只强调动作的被动时，用过去分词，不用现在分词的被动完成式。如：

Caught (Having been caught) in the rain, he was all wet.

Having been shown in the labs, we went home hurriedly.(强调完成)

The boy returned home, followed by his parents.(强调被跟着)

单项选择题

4、动词不定式、动词-ing(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较：

(1)动词不定式作状语，用来修饰动词或形容词，一般作目的、结果或原因状语，多

置于句末。

A. They went to China to visit their relatives and friends.( 表示目的)

B. He woke up to find everybody gone.(表示结果)

C. He was too excited not to say a few words. (表示程度)

D. I’m very sorry to have troubled you so much. (表示原因)

E. To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. ( 表示条件)

(2)动词-ing(现在分词)与过去分词作状语，用来修饰名词，一般作时间、原因、让步、方式状语，置于句首；还可作伴随，置于句末。

A .Being a hard-working student, he succeeded in the maths exam. =As he was a hard-working student, he succeeded in …...

　 B. Working in the city , Tom had a wonderful time. =When he worked in the city, Tom had a wonderful time.

　 C. I let him in , saying that I was his uncle.

　 D. Mark finished his homework, taking a long time over it.

3、动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词、现在分词)与过去分词作定语时的比较：

(1)动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词)作定语时，前者放在被修饰名词的后面，后

者则放在被修饰名词的前面，说明其所修饰名词的用途。

A .She was the first woman to climb the highest mountain in the world. (修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all , any等限定的中心词。)

B. She has no ability to read and write Chinese. (抽象名词常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。)

C.I borrowed some books intended for children to read during my holiday. (表将来)

D. a sitting room=a room for sitting

(2)现在分词和过去分词作定语，单个的常放在被修饰名词的前面，说明其所修饰的

名词的性质或特征；如是短语，常放在被修饰的名词后面，前者相当于一个定语从句，表示“说话时正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”的动作；而后者也相当于一个定语从句，分词所表示的动作一般“先于谓语动词所表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性的动作”。

A. Tom is going to attend the wedding party in two days.

B. The girl dancing happily is a friend of mine. = The girl who is dancing happily is a friend of mine.

C. There are more polluted rivers and lakes now than in the past.

D. The guns stolen from the police station were found in a deserted house.= The guns which had been stolen from the police station were found in a deserted house.

2、　 动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词、现在分词)与过去分词作表语时的比较：

(1)动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词)作表语时，前者表示某一具体动作，特别是将

来的动作，而后者表示比较抽象的一般行为。如：

Our job today is to sweep the floor.　　　 The ant queen’ job is laying eggs.

(2) 现在分词、过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特点和状态。如：

The news I heard just now is very astonishing.

The car is broken and we have to have it repaired.

1、　 动词不定式与动词-ing(动名词)作主语时的比较：

不定式作主语通常表示“具体动作”或“某个特定的情况”。动名词作主语通常表示“抽

象动作或泛指一般情况”。如：

It’s not good for you to smoke so much.(特指)

Smoking is a bad habit, which you should get rid of. (泛指)

38.　 This page needs _________ again.

A. being checked　 B. checked　 C. to be checked　 D. be check

-

37.　 I apologize for _______ my promise.

A. not having kept　 B. being kept　 C. not to have kept　 D. having not kept

36.　 There seemed to be nothing _______ to do but ________ for the doctor.

A. leave, send　 B. left, to send　 C. left, send　 D. leaving, send

35.　 The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins　 B. having begun　 C. beginning　 D. begun

34.　 Robert is said _________ abroad, but I know what country he studied in.

A. to have studied　 B. to study　 C. to be studying　 D. to have been studying