Question

17．下列说法正确的是（　　）

• A． $\left.\begin{array}{l}{3}\\{2}\end{array}\right.$He+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{2}\\{1}\end{array}\right.$H→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{4}\\{2}\end{array}\right.$He+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{1}\\{1}\end{array}\right.$H是聚变反应
• B． $\left.\begin{array}{l}{238}\\{92}\end{array}\right.$U→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{234}\\{90}\end{array}\right.$Th+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{4}\\{2}\end{array}\right.$He是人工核转变
• C． $\left.\begin{array}{l}{24}\\{11}\end{array}\right.$Na→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{24}\\{12}\end{array}\right.$Mg+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{0}\\{-1}\end{array}\right.$e是衰变反应
• D． 元素的半衰期会受到其所处环境的影响
• E． $\left.\begin{array}{l}{235}\\{92}\end{array}\right.$U+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{1}\\{0}\end{array}\right.$n→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{92}\\{36}\end{array}\right.$Kr+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{141}\\{56}\end{array}\right.$Ba+3$\left.\begin{array}{l}{1}\\{0}\end{array}\right.$n是裂变反应

Answer 1

分析 α衰变生成氦原子核，自发进行；β衰变生成电子，自发进行；聚变是质量轻的核结合成质量大的核．裂变是质量较大的核分裂成较轻的几个核

解答 解：A、$\left.\begin{array}{l}{3}\\{2}\end{array}\right.$He+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{2}\\{1}\end{array}\right.$H→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{4}\\{2}\end{array}\right.$He+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{1}\\{1}\end{array}\right.$H是聚变反应．故A正确．
B、$\left.\begin{array}{l}{238}\\{92}\end{array}\right.$U→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{234}\\{90}\end{array}\right.$Th+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{4}\\{2}\end{array}\right.$He是α衰变．故B错误．
C、$\left.\begin{array}{l}{24}\\{11}\end{array}\right.$Na→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{24}\\{12}\end{array}\right.$Mg+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{0}\\{-1}\end{array}\right.$e是β衰变．故C正确．
D、元素的半衰期不会受到其所处环境的影响．故D错误．
E、$\left.\begin{array}{l}{235}\\{92}\end{array}\right.$U+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{1}\\{0}\end{array}\right.$n→$\left.\begin{array}{l}{92}\\{36}\end{array}\right.$Kr+$\left.\begin{array}{l}{141}\\{56}\end{array}\right.$Ba+3$\left.\begin{array}{l}{1}\\{0}\end{array}\right.$n是裂变反应，故E正确；
故选：ACE．

点评 本题难度不大，考查了核反应方程的种类，在学习中需要记住一些特殊的方程式．