ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
7£®µªÔªËصÄÇ⻯ÎïºÍÑõ»¯ÎïÔÚ¹¤ÒµÉú²úºÍ¹ú·À½¨ÉèÖж¼Óй㷺ӦÓ㬻شðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺£¨1£©µªÔªËØÔ×ÓµÄL²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ5£»ëÂÖеĻ¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐÍΪ¹²¼Û¼ü£®
£¨2£©ë¿É×÷Ϊ»ð¼ý·¢¶¯»úµÄȼÁÏ£¬ÓëÑõ»¯¼ÁN2O4·´Ó¦Éú³ÉN2ºÍË®ÕôÆø£®
ÒÑÖª£º
¢ÙN2£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=N2O4£¨l£©£»¡÷H1=-19.5kJ•mol-1
¢ÚN2H4£¨l£©+O2£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©£»¡÷H2=-534.2kJ•mol-1
д³öëºÍN2O4·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ2N2H4£¨l£©+N2O4£¨l£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1048.9 kJ•mol-1£»
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªH2O£¨l£©=H2O£¨g£©£»¡÷H3=+44kJ•mol-1£¬Ôò±íʾëÂȼÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN2H4£¨l£©+O2£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-622.2 kJ•mol-1£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©µªÔªËØÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ7£¬¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔÀí£¬ÅÅÂúK²ãÔÙÅÅL²ã£¬K²ã2¸öµç×Ó£¬L²ãΪ5¸öµç×Ó£¬ëÂÊǹ²¼Û»¯ºÏÎﵪÔ×ÓºÍÇâÔ×ÓÐγɹ²¼Û¼ü£¬µªÔ×Ӻ͵ªÔ×Ó¼äÒ²Ðγɹ²¼Û¼ü£»
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£º¢Ú¡Á2-¢ÙµÃµ½£º2N2H4£¨l£©++N2O4£¨l£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©£¬·´Ó¦ÈÈÓ뻯ѧ¼ÆÁ¿Êý³ÉÕý±È£»
£¨3£©È¼ÉÕÈÈÊÇÖ¸1mol¿ÉȼÎïÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÎȶ¨µÄÑõ»¯ÎïʱËù·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬¸ù¾ÝȼÉÕÈȵĸÅÄ½áºÏ¸Ç˹¶¨Âɽâ´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©µªÔªËØÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ7£¬¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔÀí£¬ÅÅÂúK²ãÔÙÅÅL²ã£¬K²ã2¸öµç×Ó£¬L²ãΪ5¸öµç×Ó£¬ëÂÊǹ²¼Û»¯ºÏÎﵪÔ×ÓºÍÇâÔ×ÓÐγɹ²¼Û¼ü£¬µªÔ×Ӻ͵ªÔ×Ó¼äÒ²Ðγɹ²¼Û¼ü£¬½á¹¹Ê½Îª£º
£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£»¹²¼Û¼ü£»
£¨2£©£©¢ÙN2£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=N2O4£¨l£©¡÷H1=-19.5kJ?mol-1
¢ÚN2H4£¨l£©+O2 £¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=-534.2kJ•mol-1
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉд³öëºÍN2O4·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ì£º¢Ú¡Á2-¢ÙµÃµ½£º2N2H4£¨l£©++N2O4£¨l£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=£¨-534.2£©¡Á2-£¨-19.5£©kJ•mol-1=-1048.9 kJ•mol-1£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2N2H4£¨l£©+N2O4£¨l£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1048.9 kJ•mol-1£»
£¨3£©È¼ÉÕÈÈ£¬Ö¸Éú³ÉµÄË®±ØÐëΪҺ̬£¬¿ÉȼÎï±ØÐëΪ1mol£®
ÓÉ·´Ó¦¢ÙN2H4£¨l£©+O2 £¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=-534.2kJ•mol-1
¢ÚH2O£¨l£©¨TH2O£¨g£©¡÷H3=+44kJ•mol-1
½«¢Ù-2¡Á¢Ú¿ÉµÃ£ºN2H4£¨l£©+O2 £¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H2=-622.2kJ•mol-1
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN2H4£¨l£©+O2 £¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H2=-622.2kJ•mol-1£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¡¢ëµĻ¯Ñ§¼ü¡¢ÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ¡¢¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÄÓ¦ÓõÈ֪ʶ£¬×¢Òâ¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÄÊìÁ·Ó¦Óã¬Îª¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
| A£® | NaHÔÚË®ÖÐÏÔ¼îÐÔ | |
| B£® | NaHÖÐÇâÔªËØµÄÀë×ӵĵç×Ó²ãÅŲ¼ÓëÄÊÔ×ӵĵç×Ó²ãÅŲ¼Ïàͬ | |
| C£® | ΢Á£°ë¾¶H-£¼Li+ | |
| D£® | NaHÓëH2O·´Ó¦Ê±£¬Ë®×÷»¹Ô¼Á |
| ¡¡ÊµÑé·½°¸ | ʵÑéÏÖÏó |
| ¢ÙÓÃɰֽ´òÄ¥ºóµÄþ´øÓë·ÐË®·´Ó¦£»ÔÙÏò·´Ó¦ÒºÖеμӷÓ̪ | ²úÉúÆøÌå£¬ÆøÌå¿Éȼ£¬ÈÜÒº±ädzºìÉ« |
| ¢ÚÏòÐÂÖÆµÃNa2S±¥ºÍÈÜÒºÖеμÓÐÂÖÆÂÈË® | Éú³Éµ»ÆÉ«³Áµí |
| ¢ÛÄÆÓëµÎÓзÓ̪ÊÔÒºµÄÀäË®·´Ó¦ | ¸¡ÓÚË®ÃæÉÏ£¬ÈÛ³ÉСÇò£¬ËÄ´¦Óζ¯£¬Öð½¥ËõС£¬ÈÜÒº±äºìÉ« |
| ¢Üþ´øÓë2mol/LµÄÑÎËá·´Ó¦ | ¾çÁÒ·´Ó¦£¬²úÉúµÄÆøÌå¿Éȼ |
| ¢ÝÂÁÌõÓë2mol/LµÄÑÎËá·´Ó¦ | ·´Ó¦²»Ê®·Ö¾çÁÒ£»²úÉúµÄÆøÌå¿Éȼ |
| ¢ÞÏòAlCl3ÈÜÒºÖеμÓNaOHÈÜÒºÖÁ¹ýÁ¿ | ÏÈÉú³É°×É«Ðõ×´³Áµí£¬×îºó³ÁµíÈ«²¿Èܽâ |
| ʵÑé·½°¸ | ʵÑéÏÖÏó | ÓйØÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ |
| ¢Ù | ²»Ìî | ²»Ìî |
| ¢Ú | S2-+Cl2=S¡ý+2Cl- | |
| ¢Û | ²»Ìî | 2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH-+H2¡ü |
| ¢Ü | ²»Ìî | ²»Ìî |
| ¢Ý | ²»Ìî | 2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2¡ü |
| ¢Þ | ÏÈÉú³É°×É«Ðõ×´³Áµí£¬×îºó³ÁµíÈ«²¿Èܽâ | Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£¬Al£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O |
£¨2£©ÊµÑéÓÃÆ·£ºÂÔ£®
£¨3£©ÊµÑéÄÚÈÝ£º£¨ÌîдÌâ¸øÐÅÏ¢±íÖÐÏàÓ¦µÄʵÑéÏÖÏ󣬲¢ÔÚÓпոñ´¦Ð´³öÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£©
£¨4£©ÊµÑé½áÂÛ£ºÍ¬ÖÜÆÚÔªËØËæÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄÔö´ó£¬ÔªËصĽðÊôÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ£¬¶ø·Ç½ðÊôÐÔÖð½¥ÔöÇ¿£®
£¨5£©ÎÊÌâÓëÌÖÂÛ£º
Çë´ÓÔ×ӽṹÀíÂÛÉϼòµ¥ËµÃ÷¾ßÓÐÉÏÊö½áÂÛµÄÔÒòÊÇͬÖÜÆÚÔªËØËæºËµçºÉÊýµÄÔö¼Ó£¬Ô×Ӻ˶ԺËÍâµç×ÓµÄÊø¸¿Á¦ÔöÇ¿£¬Ô×Ó°ë¾¶¼õС£¬Ô×Óʧµç×ÓÄÜÁ¦¼õÈõ£¬¶øµÃµ½µç×ÓÄÜÁ¦ÔöÇ¿£¬¼´ÔªËؽðÊôÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ£¬¶þ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔÖð½¥ÔöÇ¿£®
| A£® | HAÊÇÇ¿Ëá | |
| B£® | »ìºÏÒºÖУ¬c£¨HA£©+c£¨A-£©=0.4mol•L-1 | |
| C£® | »ìºÏÒºÖУ¬c£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©=$\frac{Ka£¨HA£©•c£¨HA£©+Kw}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}$ | |
| D£® | Ïò»ìºÏÒºÖмÓÈëÕôÁóË®£¬c£¨A-£©Óëc£¨HA£©µÄ±ÈÖµ½«Ôö´ó |
£¨1£©Í¼1ÊÇN2£¨g£©ºÍH2£¨g£©·´Ó¦Éú³É1mol NH3£¨g£©¹ý³ÌÖÐÄÜÁ¿ ±ä»¯Ê¾Òâͼ£¬Çëд³öN2ºÍH2·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H=-92.2KJ/mol£»
£¨2£©ÈôÒÑÖªÏÂÁÐÊý¾Ý£º
| »¯Ñ§¼ü | H-H | N¡ÔN |
| ¼üÄÜ/kJ•mol-1 | 435 | 943 |
£¨3£©¿ÆÑ§¼ÒÓõª»¯ïØ¡¢ÍµÈ²ÄÁÏ×é×°³ÉÈ˹¤¹âºÏϵͳ£¨Èçͼ2£©£¬ÀûÓøÃ×°Öóɹ¦µØÊµÏÖÁËÒÔCO2ºÍH2OºÏ³ÉCH4£®
¢Ùд³ö͵缫±íÃæµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½CO2+8e-+8H+=CH4+2H2O£®
¢ÚΪÌá¸ß¸ÃÈ˹¤¹âºÏϵͳµÄ¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ£¬¿ÉÏò×°ÖÃÖмÓÈëÉÙ Á¿ÁòËᣨѡÌî¡°ÑÎËᡱ»ò¡°ÁòËᡱ£©£®
£¨4£©¢Ù루N2H4£© µÄ½á¹¹Ê½
¢ÚNH3ÓëNaClO·´Ó¦¿ÉµÃµ½ë£¨N2H4£©£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2NH3+NaClO=N2H4+NaCl+H2O£»
¢Ûë¿É×÷Ϊ»ð¼ý·¢¶¯»úµÄȼÁÏ£¬ÓëÑõ»¯¼ÁN2O4·´Ó¦Éú³ÉN2ºÍË®ÕôÆø£®
ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙN2£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=N2O4 £¨g£©¡÷H1=-19.5kJ•mol-1
¢ÚN2H4 £¨1£©+O2£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O £¨g£©¡÷H2=-534.2kJ•mol-1
д³öëºÍN2O4 ·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ2N2H4£¨g£©+N2O4£¨g£©¨T3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1048.9kJ/mol£»
¢ÜëÂÒ»¿ÕÆøÈ¼ÁÏµç³ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼îÐÔµç³Ø£¬¸Ãµç³Ø·Åµçʱ£¬¸º¼«µÄ·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªN2H4-4e-+4OH-=N2+4H2O£®
| A£® | 2ÖÖ | B£® | 3ÖÖ | C£® | 4ÖÖ | D£® | 5ÖÖ |