Question

【题目】根据材料内容，选择正确答案。
A
Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will turn out.
Sir John Gurdon is a good example of this. As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class. Now, aged 79, the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell(干细胞) researcher Shinya Yamanaka.
Like so many scientists, Gurdon shows us where the power of curiosity and perseverance(坚持不懈) can lead.
At the age of 15 in 1948, Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject. Gurdon's high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was "quite ridiculous".
In spite of his teacher's criticisms, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard. He went to the lab early and left later than anyone else. He experienced thousands of failures.
"My own belief is that we will, in the end, understand everything about how cells actually work." Gurdon said.
In 1962, Gurdon took a cell from an adult frog and moved its genetic(基因的) information into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone(克隆) of the adult frog. This technique later helped to create Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal(哺乳动物) in the world.
In 2006, Gurdon's work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample(样本) of a person's skin can be used to create stem cells. Using this technique, doctors can repair a patient's heart after a heart attack.
"Luck favors the prepared mind, "Gurdon told the Nobel Prize Organization." Ninety percent of the time things don't work, but when they do, you have to seize(抓住) the chance. "
（1）Who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine?
A.Sir John Gurdon.
B.Shinya Yamanaka.
C.Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka.
D.Gurdon's science teacher.
（2）In what order are the followings mentioned in the passage?
a. create the sheep Dolly
b. take a cell from an adult frog
c. use a person's skin to create stem cells
d. move a frog's skin to create stem cells
e. grow into a clone of a frog
A.b—a—c—d—e
B.b—d—e—a—c
C.b—d—a—c—e
D.b—e—d—a—c
（3）What does the underlined word "ridiculous" mean?
A.无知的
B.荒废的
C.荒谬的
D.无畏的
（4）According to the passage, which statement is true?
A.As a boy, he was told he was hopeful.
B.He ranked first at his high school in biology.
C.It's impossible for the doctors to repair a patient's heart after a heart attack.
D.In spite of his teacher's criticisms, he kept working hard.
（5）What's the main idea of the passage?
A.Ninety percent of the time things don't work.
B.Luck favors the prepared mind.
C.Life is full of surprises.
D.How to know cells actually work.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）D
（5）B
【解析】文章主要介绍一位诺贝尔医学奖获得者John Gurdon，他在小时候受尽质疑，但是凭借着不放弃、勇往直前的精神最终获得成功。
（1）C 由第二段最后一句中的“the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell(干细胞)researcher Shinya Yamanaka”可知，John Gurdon和Shinya Yamanaka共同获得了诺贝尔医学奖。故选C。
（2）B 由第七、八段可知，正确的顺序是b—d—e-a-c。故选B。
（3）D 由第四段可知，在250名学生中，Gurdon的生物和科学学科的成绩排在最后，所以他的高中科学老师认为他想成为一名科学家是“ridiculous”，由此结合选项可知，ridiculous意为“荒谬的”。故选D。
（4）D D项与第五段第一句中的“In spite of his teacher's criticisms”相符，尽管老师批评他，但他仍然坚持努力工作，故选D。
（5）B 通读全文可知，文章通过讲述John Gurdon的故事告诉人们，幸运总是恩惠有准备的头脑。故选B。