第一节 开放作文(15分)
One possible version:
In this picture, a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree, watching her babies flying away. I think the mother bird must be very proud of her children, who are able to find their own food now. But she may also feel a sense of loss since they no longer need her day-to day care as they used to. This picture shows very well the mixed feelings of parents when watching their children grow up. For my parents, things will be much easier. We will set up a family blog to post our photos, journals, and even audios. Once I leave for college, we can conveniently share our experiences and support each other no matter where we are. Their “nest” will never be empty.
福建
假设你是林华，福建省某中学高三学生，请你根据以下学生会倡议书的内容给某英文报社写一封信，叙述拟开展活动的内容并发表自己的看法。
注意：1.信的开头语已经给出，不计入总词数；
2.可根据内容要点适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译；
3.词数100左右：
4.参考词汇：增进promote;鼓励节约encourage econonmy
Dear editor,
I am a student of Senior Tree in a middle school in Fujian Province.
Yours sincerely,
Lin Hua
In order that we can make the best of learning materials, the Students’Union of our school is arranging an activity. We students of Senfor Three are called on to give away our used books, newspapers or magazines to the students in the lower grades. The idea, which is intendent to promote friendsship and encourage economy, is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike. The activity will last about ten days, from June 10 to 20.
As a student, I am strongly for the activity because it is very meaningful and helpful. I hope that this kind of activity will continue in the future.
广东
Ⅳ 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第二节 开放作文(15分)
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50.
In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.
Dear Harry,
How are things going?
Last Monday, our class held a monitor election. This was our first election, so everyone was excited. Two of my classmates took par in the race; Liu Dong and Wang Hong. They each gave a speech telling us what they would do when they were elected. Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong’s favor. Wang Hong because our new monitor. The whole class cheered for her, and she promised to do the best she could for us all.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
安徽
假设你是李华。美国一所友好学校准备与你们学校共同创办一份中学生英文刊物，该校格林先生来信询问有关情况。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下：
* 表示赞成。
* 提出你喜欢的栏目。
* 简要说明理由。
注意：
1．词数100左右。
2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
3．适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4．参考词汇：栏目一column
﹡ ﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ June 8
Dear Mr. Green,
I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together.________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully
June 8
I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together. It is indeed a wonderful idea and everyone hopes for its success.
I would like the magazine to have three columns : News, Teachers' Advice and Students' Voice. From the News column we can learn about what is going on in both of our schools. In Teachers' Advice, our teachers can give us such help as we may not be able to get in the classroom. Students' Voice will allow us to freely express our thoughts and feelings about our lives and studies.
I believe that this magazine will surely strengthen our ties, and I am looking forward to reading it.
Yours faithfully,
北京
第一节 情景作文(20分)
假设你是李华，要给英国笔友Harry写封信，介绍你班两位同学精选班长的过程。请按下图顺序描述。
注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。
2.词数不少于60.
提示词：竞选班长monitor election
Last Monday.(请将情景作文写在答题卡二第一页指定区域内)
Li HUa
叙事类
外出活动、欣赏美景(日记)
We decided to go out for a picnic.
I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.
Early in the morning, we set off for the farm for a visit.
When we reached the farm, we were given a warm welcome.
They showed us around the farm(We were shown around the farm) , where we saw many kinds of plants.
We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers on both sides.
We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.(我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了)
We jumped and shouted like innocent (天真的) children.
Once on the top of the hill/The moment we got to the top of the hill, we were deeply struck/attracted by the beautiful scenery.
How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top !
After being divided into groups, we set to work at once.
Some of us were getting water, some (were) cutting the meat and vegetables, and others (were) sitting on the grass enjoying music.
Birds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancing gracefully in the garden/fields.
When lunch time came, we sat on the grassland, eating and drinking happily.
The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.
We sang and danced together to the music.
Three hours had passed before we knew it.
The time passed quickly before we knew it.
It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.
I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins, enjoying the fine scenery and fresh air in the country.
At about four o’clock in the afternoon, we said goodbye to them
At four o’clock in the afternoon we had to return.
They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.
On the way back, we were laughing and talking all the time.
What a wonderful weekend we had!
We enjoyed ourselves very much.
Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things that can’t be learned in class.
Although we were tired, we felt very happy. I think it’s our duty to cover our country with green.
意外事故、天灾人祸
I was walking along the street when a terrible accident happened in the street.
One day something unpleasant happened.
The girl fell off her bike and was badly hurt.
Fortunately, the injured people were sent to hospital without delay.
An elderly man was hit by a car while he was crossing the road.
He fell down to the ground with a cry.
The girl was too frightened to move.
It was soon found out that the driver had drunk too much wine before driving.
The accident delayed all the traffic for an hour and caused the damage of $80,000
Lots of people lost their lives in the floods.
The big floods, which occurred in 1998, caused great losses.
A big fire broke out in an office building in a busy street. The cause of the fire has been unknown. It is being investigated.
The fire lasted about two hours and was finally put out in the afternoon.
As a result, the three-storied building was destroyed, 50 people were killed, and more than 200 were injured.
Up to the present, the cause of the accident is still unknown.
助人为乐、 舍己救人
Without thinking about her own safety, she rushed out and pulled him back.
He hurried to school, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
She told the teacher what had happened to her on the way to school.
The blind man was out of danger, but she lost her life./got injured.
He was praised for what he had done.
She offered us some gifts, but we refused to accept them.
They all thanked him for his help.
Wondering what to do, Tom saw a policeman.
We hurried to the policeman for help.
With the help of the policeman, we found the owner of the bag.
A clever idea came to his mind.
Then he put his idea into practice.
I left the hospital without giving my name.
This may be the most unforgettable experience of my life.
He felt happy because he had done a good deed.
It was not until then that I really understood the meaning of the proverb:
“ Helping others is the source of happiness.”
He will always be remembered as a hero.
人物写照、生平事迹
He was from a poor peasant’s family.
He is about 1.72 meters in height
By the age of 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.
She is already in her fifties, but she looks younger for her age.
He is short and thin with a pair of thick glasses.
She is tall and slim with big dark eyes and black hair.
My English teacher, Miss Zhang, is a middle-aged woman.
She often helps those who have difficulty in doing their homework.
With her help, I have caught up with my classmates.
At the age of eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. A few years later, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and became a world Champion.
He has his own way of teaching.
He has much knowledge and good at teaching.
All these years he has been working hard.
Many times he has been praised for his excellent work.
He gets on very well with us students.
He is not only our good teacher but also our good friend.
He is honest and always ready to help others. That’s why we made him monitor.
We all considered her pronunciation to be the best of all.
He is a worthy person for us to learn from.
He graduated from Qinghua University in 1982.
An American company wanted to employ him with high pay, but he refused.
He received a doctor’s degree in 1988.
He is strict with us and careful in his work.
He won the first prize in the physics contest.
He devoted all his life to education.
He is loved and respected by us all.
She is considered as one of the best teachers year by year.
With his help, we have made great progress in our studies.
He will always be remembered as a great leader, a wise and warm-hearted man.
He is regarded as a fighter by most of the people in the world.
Miss Zhang is such a good teacher that we all love her very much.
Such was Elbert Einstein, a man of great achievements.
议论文
规劝恶习、见解评说
Different people have got different attitudes towards failure.
Different people have different opinions about smoking.
Opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged.
There are always two aspects(方面) to any situation.
Everything lives with opposite forces. The same can be said about modern technology, such as Internet.
Some (foolish) people seem to think/believe/hold the view that smoking is an enjoyment. But in fact, smoking does great harm to people’s health.
We must try to persuade people to give up smoking.
It is investigated that 30% of the computers are used to play games.
According to a recent investigation, ……
Playing games on computers can be a waste of time.
It’s been proved that early rising can make people full of energy.
Early rising helps to keep fit.
As the English proverb says, “Early to bed and early to rise, make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
Experts suggest that people should have regular sports every day.
Study shows that cigarette smoking can cause cancers.
In addition to health problems, there are other reasons to give up smoking.
From the above, I come to the conclusion that smoking does great harm to our health.
From now on, we ought to break away from the bad habit and form a good one.
Millions of smokers die from illness caused by smoking tobacco.
My suggestions are as follows.
As future builders of our country, we should make full use of our
time to work hard ,and do things to benefit our country.
As we all know, spending too much time on TV may have bad effects on our work and health, especially on our eyes.
Therefore, we should be aware of(注意) when to watch, how to watch, and what to watch.
There are many ways of keeping good health.
Nowadays, taxies bring people a lot of convenience, but also cause a lot of trouble.
Regulations should be laid down for taxi drivers.(应该专门为出租车司机指定交通规则)
Now more and more students are getting near-sighted in schools,
because they have paid little attention to the care of their eyes.
环境保护/生态平衡
As we know, pollution does great harm to human beings.
It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish should be treated properly.
With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.
Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.
Laws have been passed to protect our environment.
A large quantity of trees should be planted.
We must make good use of water and avoid polluting it.
Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
Something must be done to prevent factories from polluting the air.
In my opinion, the best solution to this problem is to carry out the system of praise and punishment firmly.
It is glorious to take care of the environments while it is shameful to pollute them.
It is generally agreed that civilized people should love and protect wild animals.
Thus more effective measures should be taken immediately to protect wild animals.
Only by this means can we stop the air from being polluted.
Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
To protect ourselves, we must keep the balance of nature.
We should take good care of the forest and plant more trees instead of cutting down so as to improve our living conditions.
人生信条、人口人权
We should make full use of our time to do useful things.
We should form the good habit of saving time. Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.
It is a pity that some people do not know the importance of time.
They do not realize that wasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuable life.
Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.
Women shouldn’t be looked down upon.
There’s nothing that women can’t do.
Women hold half of the sky.
Sometimes women are better at their work than men.
The day will come soon when women can really enjoy equal rights.
It is high time we practised birth control.
In my opinion, there is no relation between the so-called lucky number and luck. The only key to success or wealth lies in hard work. We should believe in our own efforts to struggle for success.
It’s very convenient for the people who have their own cars to go to work or to take their children to school. But a lot of problems are coming out.
We should learn anything valuable from all nations in the world.
Apart from the advanced science and technology, we should learn that Americans love freedom and independence.
It is easy to imitate Americans but difficult to learn the secrets of their success.
If the rest of the world also had fair ownership of land like China, there would be no starvation.
There is a long way to go to build China into a most powerful country.
The only key to success or wealth lies in hard work.
The reason for their success is that they knew how to study by themselves.
As a proverb says, “Opportunities are only for the prepared minds.”
As the old saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”
We must always remember the old saying that where there is a will, there is a way.
Unfortunately, most people do not seem to realize how much inner strength and ability they have.
If they really have the desire and the ambition, nothing is impossible.
Every man knows that money is powerful and important in everyday life. But I don’t think that money is/means everything.
It goes without saying(毫无疑问)that money can do many things.
As the old saying goes, “Good health is the best wealth.”
There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness. But there are exceptions when wealth does not go hand in hand with happiness.
People can not live without health but can without wealth.
Only when wealth is acquired by means of honest labor and spent for the benefit of not only oneself but also his people and country, can it bring happiness.
(粘贴过)
应用文
寻物招领
Lost
I was careless and lost a bag in the dinning-hall on the afternoon of this month. Inside were two textbooks, a dictionary and a key to my bike. Will the finder please send it either to the students of Class 1, Senior Two ?/Anyone who/whoever found it , please let me know. Many thanks.
Wang Lei
Found
A handbag was found, inside which are a camera, a pair of glasses, some money and other things. The loser is expected to come identify it. Please telephone ….or get in touch with …. Please bring your identification card with you when you come.
Will the finder please come to Class 7 Grade III？
Because of my carelessness, my school-bag was left on the playground.
通知/海报/致辞
May I have your attention, please ?
I have something important to tell you.
I have got an announcement to make.
I am told that a speech contest will be held at the “English Corner ”this summer vacation.
I’m glad to have the honor to tell you some activities you’re going to have today.
The party is a good chance for us to practise our English.
Everyone is welcome to attend the party.
Please bring along your pens and notebooks.
All the students are requested to attend the celebration of the Teachers’ Day to be held in the Grand Hall in the Main Building at 6:30 this evening,
Don’t miss the chance. Please get there on time.
Please get everything ready. Don’t be late.
That’s all. Thank you.
A professor from Beijing University will give us a lecture on pollution. In the school hall at 8:00 tomorrow morning.
There will be a lecture on pollution given by Professor Wang from Beijing University.
It will last from half past two to four o’clock.
Please sign your name at the Service Desk before 9:00 a.m.
Lunch will be served at the place of visit.(在参观的地方供应午餐)
After the report, we’ll have a discussion.
There will be a close basketball match between Class One and Class Two.
Please be there on time and give your opinion at the meeting.
It would give us great pleasure to invite you to give us a talk in our school. Will you accept our invitation ?
(欢迎词)I’m greatly honored to extend, on behalf of all the teachers and students , our warm welcome to Professor David. I’m sure Professor David’s visit will promote the friendly relationship between our two departments. All of us will benefit a lot from their visit. I’m sure he’ll give us much valuable advice in our research. Finally I hope Professor David will enjoy his stay in China.
(欢送词)I have the honor to speak on behalf of my classmates at this farewell party for Mrs. Smith. Mrs. smith came to our school from America in September, 1999. In the past four years, she’s always been kind to us, patient with us and strict in her work. She gave such interesting and lively classes that every one of us enjoyed them very much. Mrs. Smith. is leaving us for her hometown soon. Now please allow me to express our hearty thanks to her successful work and wish her good health and a pleasant journey.
How time flies ! Two years have passed since Mr. Smith came to teach us English.
When you return to your country, we all hope you will keep in touch with us.
Thank you for giving us such a warm welcome.
(告别词)First of all, allow me to thank all of you for your kind invitation. I’m greatly honored to have such a chance to visit your university. My visit is both interesting and memorable. I’m glad to say I gained a lot from my visit. I’ll treasure your friendship. I’d like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my pleasure and my greatest gratitude to you again.
May our friendship last forever !
Thank you !
招聘求职
Friendship Travel Service looking for travel guides, aged between 20~35, height 165mm (female), 175mm (male); good at spoken English and Putonghua, with a good knowledge of Chinese history, geography and culture.
I have just read in the newspaper that a secretary is wanted in your company.
I’d like to get the job.
I want to offer myself for the position.
I had the pleasure of seeing your advertisement in the newspaper.
Having known that your company needs a typist, I wish to apply for the job/position.
It really attracted me because I’ m looking for a part-time job during my university vacation to pay for next term’s tuition.
Having read your ad in the newspaper, I feel I am fit for the job.
Given the job, I’m sure to make a good guide.
If I am accepted, I will do my best to do the job well.
If I can take the position, I’ll be thankful to you for your kindness.
Don’t touch the machines without permission.
Always do as you’re told to.
When you leave the room, remember to turn off the machine and leave the lab one by one.
Show your identity card when your turn comes.
You may borrow no more than three books each time.
You can keep them for 5 days and you may renew them if you can’t finish them on time.
Pay the cost price for any damage done to the books or magazines.
Obey the rules of the library.
You are forbidden to smoke or to make a loud noise.
People along the sea shore must make full preparation for the hurricane.
Pay attention to the gas, the fire and water as well as the falling trees and telephone poles.
请假/便条
I came to see you but you happened to be out.
Since you’re out, I have to leave this note with you.
Don’t forget to take some food with you for lunch.
If you want to take photos there you can take a camera with you.
Please telephone our teacher if you don’t want to go along.
I’ll expecting you at 3:10 at our school gate.
I’m writing to you to ask a sick leave.
I ask you for sick leave of three days.
I’m sorry that I can’t go to school, so I want to ask for two days of sick leave.
I wonder if you could give me your permission.
Your kind permission will be greatly appreciated.
I’ll go back to school as soon as I am well enough. And I’ll do my best to make up for the missing lessons during my absence.
Tomorrow’s meeting will be put off to Friday.
The flight to Beijing will be delayed for five hours. Now we have to change some of our plans.
I have to meet my wife at the airport at 3 p.m. today.
You are requested to ring him up this evening any time from 8:00 to 11:00.
书信往来
I’ll appreciate it if you can tell me something about your school.
In your letter you asked me for some advice in how to improve your spoken English.
I was so pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to tell you …
It’ very kind of you to write to me.
I’m getting on well with my classmates.
I have some difficulty in learning English. I can’t tell the difference between written English and spoken English. Would you please give me some advice ?
Dear Editor,
I’d like to tell you something about the trouble I was facing in buying furniture. The other day I ordered a set of furniture at a furniture exhibition. They sent me the furniture after four weeks. But I found the color and the size of some pieces were not what I had ordered. What’s more, one leg of the desk was broken. So I asked them to take back the furniture and give me back the money, but they refused. I wrote to the director of the factory but there was no answer.
I hope you will publish my letter in the newspaper and help me solve the problem.
Li Gang
I’ll take Flight CA984 to fly to New York on July 27th. The plane takes off at 11:20 in the morning from Beijing Airport.
Will you please send my notebook to me at the address given above?
How are you doing these days ?
How are you getting along with your studies ?
I’m glad to know you are coming to China.
When you arrive, I’ll go to the airport to meet you.
It’s very kind of you to invite me to have a picnic, but I’m terribly sorry that I’m not able to accept your kind invitation.
I’m writing with delight to congratulate you on your invention.
Hearty congratulations !
My you live a long and joyful life !
Many happy returns of the day ! (祝您生日快乐!或敬祝佳节)
I’m eager to hear from you.
I am looking forward to hearing from /seeing you.
Please give /send my best regards to your parents.
Please remember me to your parents.
Let’s write to each other and be good pen-friends.
Yours sincerely, Yours ever,
(With) Best wishes (to you).
Good luck to you !
说明文
产品广告
This kind of computer is of good quality..
The Red Star Camera is a new kind of camera produced by Beijing Camera Factory, which has modern equipment and lots of senior experts. The Red Star Camera containing much top and new technique is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price. All the common families can afford to buy one. It controls mostly by itself, so it is very easy to operate. It is convenient to carry, for it is small and light. Once you have one of this kind, you‘ll enjoy it very much. Now Red Star Camera sell well in our shop and we have a plenty of them.
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our shop to buy the cameras !
今昔变化对比
My hometown used to be a beautiful place, with thick trees and green grass everywhere.
It is the best place that I have ever visited.
In the past, children couldn’t go to school because of poverty(贫穷).
Great changes have taken place in the past ten(few) years.
Our hometown has taken on a new look.
Our village is not what it used to be.
Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere.
Now the Chinese family has changed a great deal.
It is known to us all that the living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved.
Nowadays , tall buildings have taken the place of old sheds.
Now our school is covered with green grass and fresh flowers, which makes the whole school a good place to study in.
地域地貌
China is a large country with a long history and much population.
Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, lies in the middle of China.
It has an area of 160,000 square kilometers with a population of over 90 million.
It is rich in natural sources such as coal and gold.
The weather is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer..
方位指路、图表说明
Our school is located at the foot of a green hill.
In front of the school is a beautiful garden with a library on its left and a laboratory on its right.
Behind the garden is the classroom building.
At the back of the school are the students’ dormitory and the dinning-hall, in front of which lies the large sports field.
The teacher’s dormitory stands between A and B.
It is not very difficult to find your way from the Friendship Hotel to the station.
When you get out of the hotel, turn left and walk down the street until you see the traffic lights.
Turn right at the third crossing/turning, and you will see a post office at the corner. The museum is next/opposite to it.
Go straight ahead until you get to the end of the street.
Please get across the bridge and go eastward.
No.25 Bus will take you right there.
It will take you about 10 minutes to get there.
It’s about 10 minutes’ walk /ride from here.
The flat is made up of six rooms. When you go in , you’ll first see a large hall with a kitchen and a bathroom. The door on your left leads you to our living-room. Next to the door against the wall there is a sofa, in which we sit to watch TV every evening. On the opposite side stands a color TV set. On your left lies a set of bookcases, with all kinds of books in it.
As can be seen from the chart, …
From the chart/picture /table we can see(The chart shows) that the world population is increasing rapidly.
常用过渡词语
And, But, However, Otherwise, so, and then,
After that, Shortly/soon after that, Therefore, Finally, At last, In the end, For that reason, Obviously, (Un)fortunately, (Un)luckily, (Un)happily Besides, Apart from…, In addition, What’s more, Furthermore, Moreover, To make things worse, What’s worse, Even worse, Generally speaking, Frankly speaking, Personally, In my opinion, Of course, By the way, For instance, For example, such as, and so on, such things like that, To one’s surprise (astonishment, delight, disappointment, regret, joy, comfort), On the other hand, On the contrary, As far as I am concerned (就我而言) As a result, In a word, In short, In conclusion, In other words, To tell you the truth, Meanwhile, To be honest, As everyone knows, As we all know, As far as I know, It is known that… , As a rule, First of all, Above all, On the whole, Judging from…, According to…
我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词﹑副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。以动词make为例。make的基本意义是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床铺”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money挣钱，make a fortune: “发财”，make faces“做鬼脸”等等。
首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 above all 偶然，无意中 by accident 对(于)…很积极 be active in 合计为 add up to 承让错误 admit one’s mistake 接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s advice 就…提出建议 give advice on 建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth. 后天 the day after tomorrow 毕竟；终究 after all 违心 against one’s will 在…岁时 at the age of 实现目标 achieve one’s aim 在空中；悬而未决 in the air 在户外，在露天里 in the open air 在机场 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 满腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth. 生某人的气 be angry with sb. 通知 make an announcement 相继地，按顺序地 one after another 相互，彼此(三者或三者以上之间) one another 相互(指两者之间) each other 没有回答 give no answer 为…而担心 be anxious about 急于做某事 be anxious to do sth. 分开住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth. 与某人争论某事 argue with sb. about sth. 放在一边 lay sth. aside 请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb. for advice / help 惊讶于… be astonished at sth. 以前，曾经 at one time 注意 pay attention to 对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起(注意，兴趣等) attract one’s attention 仰卧／仰泳 lie / swim on one’s back 重感冒 a bad cold 两件行李 two pieces of baggage 保持／失去平衡 keep / lose one’s balance 在舞会上 at the ball 洗冷水澡 have / take a cold bath 阵亡 be killed in battle 在海滩 on the beach 整理床铺 make the bed 以…开始 begin with 在…起始，开始 at the beginning of 自始自终 from beginning to end 形成…局面；产生 come into being 安全带 a safety belt 三思而后行。 Second thoughts are best. 尽力，尽最大的努力 do / try one’s best 尽量利用，善用 make the best of 一切顺利，万事如意 all the best 黑体地，粗体地 in bold 出身于农民家庭 be born in a peasant’s family 鞠躬 make a bow 动动脑子 use one’s brains 打破纪录 break the record 深吸一口气 take a deep breath 屏息；憋住气 hold one’s breath 上气不接下气 out of breath 刷牙 brush one’s teeth 突然哭起来 burst into tears 突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter 要不是 but for 呼救声 a call for help 保持镇静(别慌) keep calm 保持安静(别吵) keep quiet 保持不动(别动) keep still 保持沉默(别说话) keep silent 夏令营 a summer camp 去野营 go camping 情不自禁… cannot help doing 打牌 play cards 照顾，保管 take care of 医疗护理 medical care 假若那样的话 in that case 以防万一 in case 下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs 赶上(或超过) catch up with 偶然 by chance 免费 free of charge 主管，在掌管之下 in charge 由…负责 in the charge of 掌管，负责 take charge 高兴起来 cheer up 童年时 in one’s childhood 挑选，选择 make a choice 圣诞节时 at Christmas 去做礼拜 go to church 烟头 cigarette end 为…鼓掌 give sb. a clap 接近 get close to 一块桌布 a table cloth 一套衣服 a suit of clothes 童装 children’s clothing 集邮 collect stamps 产生，发生 come about (偶然)遇见或发现 come across 走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头 come up 共同，共有 in common 参加比赛 compete in a contest 举办音乐会 give a concert 条件是 on condition that 祝贺某人 congratulate sb. on sth. 相反地 on the contrary 失控 out of control 与…谈话；交谈 have a conversation with sb. 在…期间／过程中 in / during the course of 被…覆盖 be covered with 因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb. at sth. 划掉 cross out 对…残忍 be cruel to sb. 立方米 cubic meter 对…感到好奇 be curious about sth. 对…造成巨大损害 do great damage to 处境危险 in danger 过时 out of date 在不久前，前几天 the other day 对…充耳不闻 be deaf to sth. 对付，应付 deal with 负债 in debt 还清债务 out of debt 做出决定 make a decision 做好事 do good deeds 付诸行动，生效 do the deed 直到深夜 deep into the night 沉思 deep in thought 深夜 deep into the night 毫不耽搁，立刻 without delay 迟迟未做某事 delay doing sth. 发表(演说等) deliver a speech 满足要求 meet the demands 外语系 foreign language department 百货商店 department store 难以形容 beyond description 决心做某事 be determined to do sth. 随着工业的发展 with the development of industry 献身于，致力于 devote oneself to 处于灭亡的危险中 be in danger of dying out 没作用，没影响 make no difference 做…有困难，难以… have difficulty in doing sth. 应邀赴宴 be invited to dinner 向四面八方 in all directions 做出新的发现 make a new discovery 正在讨论中 under discussion 洗盘子 wash dishes 在远方，在远处 in the distance 对…冷淡 be distant toward sb. 对…有益 do good to 做坏事，犯罪 do wrong 挨门挨户 from door to door 隔壁的 next door 下楼 go downstairs 到市区去 go downtown 缓慢前进，拖延 drag one’s feet 催人泪下 draw tears from sb. 渴望做某事 dream of doing sth. 在墙上钻孔 drill a hole in the wall 赶走 drive off 使某人发狂 drive sb. mad 挣钱 earn money 谋生 earn one’s living 究竟 on earth 别着急，别紧张，放松些 take it easy 对…有很大影响 have a great effect on 努力做某事 make efforts to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 量入而出；使收支相抵 make ends meet 美满的结局 a happy ending 说英语的国家 English-speaking countries 报名比赛 enter oneself for a contest 剧场的入口 the entrance to the theater 在除夕 on New Year’s Eve 虽然，即使 even if / even though 时事 current events 参加考试 have / take an examination 进行体格检查 carry out a medical examination 考试及格 pass an examination 为…树立榜样 set an example to sb. 做早操 do morning exercises 产生，成立 come into existence 做实验 carry / do / make an experiment 做解释，说明 make an explanation 做鬼脸，装怪相 make a face 事实上 as a matter of fact 未能… fail to do sth. 落后，掉队 fall behind 对…而熟悉 be familiar with sth. 因…而闻名 be famous for 作为…而闻名 be famous as 摸某人的脉 feel one’s pulse 觉得想做… feel like doing sth. 伤害某人的感情 hurt one’s feelings 春节 the Spring Festival 发高烧 have a high fever 科学领域 the field of science 五十多岁时 in one’s fifties 关键人物 a key figure 填写表格 fill in the form 刹那间 in a flash 一场大洪水 a big / great flood 扫地 sweep the floor 在三层 on the third floor 三层楼的建筑 a building of three storeys 正在开花 be in flowers 放(风筝等) fly a kite 糊里糊涂 in a fog 欺骗，愚弄某人 make a fool of sb. 在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain 空军 the air force 靠武力，强行 by force 用很大力气 with great force 对外贸易 foreign trade 养成好习惯 form a good habit 碰碰运气 try one’s fortune 每四个一组(一批)；四个四个地 in fours 常客 a frequent visitor 新手 a fresh hand 同…交朋友 make friends with 那时起 from then on 不时地，时常 from time to time 不劳而不获。 No pains, no gains. 做游戏 play games 代沟 generation gap 开始认真(做某事) get down to sth. 陷入麻烦 get into trouble 有音乐天分 have a gift for music 用尽，耗尽，筋疲力尽 give out 朝…看了一眼 take a glance at 向人瞪眼，怒目而视 glare at (灯，火)熄灭 go out 复习功课 go over the lesson 进了一个球 score a goal 犯语法错误 make mistakes in grammar 懂某人的意思 grasp one’s meaning 勿踏草地 keep off the grass 养成…的习惯 get into the habit of 用手 by hand 分发 hand out 一方面…另一方面… on the one hand…on the other hand 少量的 a handful of 过幸福生活 live a happy life 损害，伤害 do harm to 一个好收成 a good harvest 保持镇静 keep one’s head 身体好 in good health 记住某事 learn / know sth. by heart 紧握某物 keep a tight hold on sth. 握住；抓住 catch / take / get hold of 趾高气扬 hold one’s head high 暑假 the summer holidays 休假 on holiday 为(向)… 表示敬意；为了纪念… in honour of 对某人抱很大希望 have high hope for sb. 怀着…的希望 in the hope of doing sth. 住院 be in hospital 大约一小时 an hour or so 挨饿 go hungry 打猎 go hunting 匆匆忙忙 in a hurry 不知道 have no idea 但愿，要是…就好了 if only 给某人留下好印象 make a good impression on sb. 慢慢前进 inch one’s way forward 患难之交才是真朋友。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 告诉某人某事 inform sb of sth 坚持要做 insist on doing 视察工厂 inspect a factory 激动人心的演讲 an inspiring speech 急需帮助 in instant need of help 打断谈话 interrupt a conversation 介绍信 a letter of introduction 收到请帖 receive an invitation 邀请信 a letter of invitation 讲笑话 tell a joke 和某人开玩笑 play a joke with sb. 旅行 make a journey 使某人高兴的是 to one’s joy 不可以貌取人。 Don’t judge a man by his looks. 初中 a junior high school 正在那时 just then 与…保持联系 keep in touch with 使…不进入… keep out of 成功的秘诀 the key to success 踢门 kick the door 踢掉鞋子 kick off one’s shoes 跪下 go down / fall on one’s knees 敲门 knock at the door 最迟，至迟 at the latest 迟早 sooner or later 哈哈大笑起来 burst into laughter 违(守)法 break / obey the law 制定一条法律 make a law 摆设餐具(准备吃饭) lay the table 过着简朴的生活 lead a simple life 忽略，遗漏 leave out 听关于…的讲座 attend a lecture on 给某人一个教训 teach sb. a lesson 从…在中吸取教训 take a lesson from 惊讶地叫了一声 let out a cry of surprise 透漏消息 let out the news 大写字母 a capital letter 仰卧 / 俯卧 lie on one’s back / stomach 复活，苏醒过来 come back to life 交通信号灯 traffic lights 列一张购物清单 make a shopping list 谋生，度日 make a living 丧生，死；牺牲 lose one’s life 泄气；灰心 lose heart 失音 lose one’s voice 输一场 lose a game 祝你好运。 Wish you good luck. 洗衣机 a washing machine 欣喜若狂 be mad with joy 邮寄包裹 send the parcel by mail 赚钱 make money 交朋友 make friends 取得进步 make progress 利用 make use of 编造故事 make up a story 弥补某人的过失 make up for one’s mistake 有礼貌 have good manners 商标 a trade mark 满分 full marks 观看一场篮球比赛 watch a basketball match 进行比赛 have a match 祝你成功。 May you success. 五一节 May Day 通过这种方式 by this means 用…方法，依靠 by means of 决不 by no means 按…尺寸做 make…to one’s measure 采取措施 take a measure 量身高 measure one’s height 获得金牌 get a gold medal 医疗队 a medical team 体检 medical examination 吃药 take / have some medicine 满足…的需要 meet the needs of 遇到风暴 meet with a storm 去开会 go to a meeting 开会 have a meeting 举行会议 hold a meeting 为纪念 in memory of 对…一点儿也不怜悯 have no mercy on sb. 毫不容情地；残忍地 without mercy 在…支配下；任由…摆布 at the mercy of 圣诞快乐！ Merry Christmas! 给某人捎个信儿 take a message for sb. 中秋节 Mid-autumn Day 上百万的，许许多多的 millions of 改变主意 change one’s mind 当心油漆未干。 Mind the wet paint! 下决心 make up one’s mind 外交部长 the minister of foreign affairs 错过机会 miss an opportunity 犯错误 make a mistake 由疏忽所致 by mistake 现代 in modern times 零钱 small money 某人身上没(带)钱 have no money with sb. 选某人为班长 make sb. monitor 某一天清早 on the early morning 在山顶上 at the top of the mountain 参加海军 join the navy 如果有必要的话 if necessary 需要帮助 in need of help 呈现一片新面貌 take on a new look 打某人的鼻子 hit sb. on the nose 做笔记 make / take notes 与…无关 have nothing to do with 张贴通知 put up a notice 对某人毫不在意 pay no notice to sb. 运转着，实施中 be in operation 订购某物 place an order for sth. 失业了 out of work 一副眼镜 a pair of glasses 颐和园 the Summer Palace 此处禁止停车！ No parking here! 在…方面起积极作用 take an active part in 在过去的几天里 in the past few days 对某人有耐心 be patient with sb. 熟能生巧。 Practice makes perfect. 演出，表演 put on performances 亲自，当面 in person 给某人照相 take a photo of sb. 弹钢琴 play the piano 摘花 pick flowers 捡钱包 pick up a wallet 去野餐 go out for a picnic 一堆书 a pile of books 可怜某人(因同情而帮助某人) have / take pity on sb. 出于同情 out of pity 代替 in place of 坐某人的座位，代替某人的职务 take one’s place 举行，发生 take place 代替，代理 take the place of 订计划 make a plan 玩牌 play cards 对某人开一个玩笑 play a joke on sb. 与…一起玩 play with sb. 在操场上 on the playground 对…感到满意 be pleased with 喜欢做某事 take pleasure in doing sth. 生活富裕 live in plenty 正要…的时候 on the point of 对某人有礼貌 be polite to sb. 受某人喜爱 be popular with sb. 占有，拥有 take possession of 发电站 power station 当权，执政 take power 因为某事赞扬某人 praise sb. for sth. 赞扬 in praise of 出席会议 be present at a meeting 眼下 at present 互赠礼物 exchange presents 在压力下 under pressure 防止某人做某事 prevent sb. from doing 以…为代价 at the price of 无论花多少代价(不惜任何代价) at any price 以…为自豪；对…感到得意 take pride in 小学 primary school 入狱，被监禁 go to prison 在狱中服刑 be in prison 将某人送进监狱 throw / put sb. into prison 越狱 escape from prison 解决问题 solve the problem 回答问题 answer the question 遵守诺言 keep one’s promise 答应，许下诺言 make a promise 以…自豪 be proud of 养家糊口 provide food and clothes for one’s family 公共事务 public affairs 舆论 public opinion 当众，公开 in public 出版社 publishing house 故意地 on purpose 把…推到一边 push aside 推倒，(风)刮倒 push over 拖延，推迟 put off 不可能 out of the question 接力赛 a relay race 通过无线电广播 on the radio 衣衫褴褛，穿破衣服 in rags 在火车站 at the railway station 小(大)雨 light / heavy rain 一线希望 a ray of hope 伸手去拿 reach for sth. 够不着 out of ones’ reach 乐意干某事 be ready to do 事实上 in reality 实现希望 realize one’s hope 为此，为此理由 for this reason 接待处 reception desk 参考；谈到 refer to 留在某人的记忆中 remain in one’s memory 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 使某人想起 remind sb. of sth. 应…请求 by request 因此，结果 as a result 盛产；有大量的… be rich in 除掉 get rid of 抢走某人某物 rob sb. of sth. 起重要作用 play an important role 扮演…的角色 play the role of 给…腾出地方 make room for 对某人无礼 be rude to sb. 用完 run out of 高峰时间，拥挤时间 rush hour 满足某人的需要 satisfy one’s needs 节省体力 save one’s strength 也就是说 that is to say 为某事责备某人 scold sb. for sth. 就座，坐下 take one’s seat 不让人知道某事，保密 keep sth. a secret 抓住小偷的衣领 seize a thief by the collar 与某人握手 shake hands with sb. 店员；营业员 shop assistant 领某人出去／进来 show sb. out / in 炫耀 show off 对岸；在…另一面 on the other side of 支持某人(方) take the side of 站在…一边 take sides in 看不见 lose sight of 看到，发现 catch sight out 看不见 out of sight 静静地 in silence 和…类似的 be similar to 单程票 single ticket 量…的大小(尺寸) take the size of 偷偷塞给某人一张纸条 slip a note into one’s hand 在雪地上滑倒 slip on the snow 克服困难 smooth away difficulties 大约 or so 与…有关系 have something to do with 国歌 the national song 大胆地说，清楚并响亮地说 speak out 发言，演讲 make a speech 以…的速度 at a speed of 平方公里 square kilometers 代表，象征 stand for 饿死 starve to death 处于良好状态 in a good state 逐步地，一步一步地 step by step 遵守诺言 stick to one’s word / promise 趴在地上 lie on one’s stomach 四层楼的住宅 a house of four storeys 赶上风暴 be caught in the storm 对…要求严格 be strict with sb. in sth. 擦火柴 strike a match 挣扎着起来 struggle to one’s feet 仔细研究 make a study of 突然，冷不防 all of a sudden 暑假 summer holidays 向某人供应／提供 supply sb. with sth. 使某人惊奇的是 to one’s surprise 擦脸上的汗 sweat off one’s face 坐下吃饭 sit down to table 纳税 pay one’s taxes 沏茶 make tea 用望远镜 through a telescope 讲故事 tell a story 辨别，分清 tell one from the other 量体温 take one’s temperature 数以万计 tens of thousands of 被…吓了一跳 be terrified at 因某事感谢某人 be thankful to sb. for sth. 扔掉 throw away 吐出(食物)，呕吐 throw up 立刻，很快 in no time 交通堵塞 traffic jam 跟某人开玩笑，欺骗某人 play a trick on sb. 处于困境(苦恼)中 be in trouble 一条裤子 a pair of trousers 上大学 attend university 拜访某人 pay a visit to sb. 高声地(喊) at the top of one’s voice 在交战 at war 穿旧；使筋疲力尽 wear out 拔草 pull out the weeds 穿着白色衣服 be dressed in white 通盘，作为整体 as a whole 总的来说 on the whole 有志者事竟成。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 乐意做某事 be willing to do sth. 擦掉灰尘 wipe off the dust 创造奇迹 make wonders 不足为奇；难怪 no wonder 插话 get in a word 和某人说句话 have a word with sb. 总之，简言之 in a word
除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义，有自己的使用范畴。因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。
听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得分。
写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。
文章是由句子组成的。每一个句子都少不了谓语。而担任谓语的是动词。对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面：
