62．The author writes this article to 　　　　.

　　　 A．point out the urgency of drafting international ocean law concerned

　　　 B．warn people of the cause of a new age of colonial war

　　　 C．criticize the coastal countries

　　　 D．encourage the crowded countries to exploit the oceans

D

　　　 “Making money is a dirty game”, sums up the attitude of British novelist towards business. The IEA has just published a collection of essays (“The Representation of Business in English Literature”) by five academics describing the hostility of the country’s men and women to the sordid business of making money. The implication is that Britain’s economic performance is delayed by an anti – industrial culture.

　　　 Rather than blaming workers and unable managers for Britain’s economic worries, then, we can put George Orwell and Martin Amis in the trial instead. From Dickens’s Scrooge to Amis’s John Self in his 1980s novel “Money”, novelists have described a group of mean, greedy money　 - men that have not supported t heir readers from the noble pursuit of capitalism.

　　　 The argument has been well made before, most famously in 1981 by Martin Wiener, an American academic, in his “English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit”. Lady Thatcher was a devotee of Mr. Wiener’s, and she led a reform to improve the “entrepreneurial euhure” which the liberal elite had looked down upon. Gordon Brown sounds as though he agrees with her. At a recent speech to the Confederation of British Industry, he declared that it should be the duty of every teacher in the country to “Communicate the virtues of business and enterprise”.

　　　 Certainly, most novelists are hostile to capitalism, but this repetition risks seapegoating (替罪羊) writers for failings for which they are not to blame. Britain’s culture is no more anti – business than that of other countries. The Romantic Movement was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe’s most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists.

　　 Even the Americans are guilty of blackening business’s name. Smersh and Specter went out with the cold war. James Bond now takes on international media stars rather than Rosa Kleb. His films have sown downtrodden (压迫) moral heroes against the evil of faceless corporatism. Yet none of this seems to have reduced America’s eager for free enterprise.

　　 The irony is that novels flourished as an art form only after, and as result of, the creation of the new commercial classes of Victorian England, just as the modem Hollywood film can exist only in an era of mass consumerism. Perhaps the moral is that capitalist societies consume literature and film to let off seam rather than to change the word.

61．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that 　　　　.

　　　 A．building cities off the coast is a good idea for crowded cities to make full use of space

　　　 B．coastal cities can build offshore airports to solve the demand for large space

　　　 C．the legal confusion that reigns beyond coastal waters might cause a lot of trouble

　　　 D．the international law is against the exploitation of the ocean

60．The word “prosaic” (Para. 2) probably means 　　　　.

　　　 A．splendid　　　　　　　　 B．serious　　　　　　　　　　 C．unromantic　　　　　　 D．terrible

59．From the first paragraph we know that 　　　　.

　　　 A．the oceans provide habitats for the majority of the living things on the earth

　　　 B．much of the wealth in the ocean is made full use of

　　　 C．the exploitation of the oceans won’t cause any serious problem

　　　 D．the ocean will become colonies of different countries in the future

58．Which is the author likely to agree with?

　A．Patients should control the hours of their doctors.

　B．Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors’.

　C．Patients are facing more risks if their doctors have not enough sleep.

D．Patients have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.

C

For millennia man has exploited and often destroyed the richest of land. Now man focuses on the wealth of the oceans. Even the most conservative estimates of resources in the seabed astonish the imagination. In the millions of miles of ocean that touch a hundred nations live four out of five living things on earth. In the seabed, minerals and oil existed in lavish supply. Man may yet learn to use a tiny fraction of this wealth. However, this fraction alone could set off a new age of colonial war unless international law soon determines how it shall be shared.

What is to be done to manage and control exploitation of the ocean is a problem of international concern. In crowded England, serious plans have developed to build entire cities just off the coast. Offshore airport may solve the demand for large tracts of jet – age space near such large coastal cities as New York and Los Angeles. Some people, quick to take advantage of the legal confusion that reigns beyond coastal waters, have planned to build independent islands above seamounts and reefs outside the country’s territorial limit – that is indeed, a romantic idea, but one with, it is suspected, the more prosaic aim of avoiding the constrictions of domestic law concerning gambling and taxes. In another case the United Nations were presented with an application for permission to extract mineral from the bed of Red Sea in an area 50 miles from the coastal states. The Secretariat avoid this hard question, citing lack of authority to act. Such claims are no longer isolated.

The great wealth from the oceans must be divided among nations. But wealth is not the only thing at debate. We must also learn how to protect the oceans from the threat of pollution. A few years ago, “practical” men dismissed speculations about wealth in the sea. “That is economic foolishness,” they said. It will never be economical profitable to exploit the seabed’s, no matter how great the riches to be found there are. Unfortunately, in these pioneer years of the Ocean Age, the damage done sometimes seems to exceed the benefit gained. Largely in ignorance, we are tinkering with our greatest source of life.

57．Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to ____________.

　A．entertain the audience with some special cases

　B．describe the cause of doctors’ sleep problems

　C．show no responsibility for their patients

　D．approve the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep

56．As for the sleep problems about doctors, the author implies that 　　　　.

　　　 A．doctors often need little sleep to keep them full of energy

　　　 B．doctors’ sleep is deprived by residents

　　　 C．Doctors tend to ignore their own sleep problems

　　　 D．sleep – deprived doctors are drunk drivers

55．The first paragraph shows us that 　　　.

　　　 A．people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are easy to snooze

　　　 B．poor sleep quality can be a sign of physical disorder

　　　 C．stroke is often eonnected with more sleep

　　　 D．too long a sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep

54．How does eBay make money from its website？

　　　 A．By bringing callers together.

　　　 B．By charging for each sale

　　　 C．By listing items online

　　　 D．By making e-photos.

B

We should get seven or eight hours a night but a lot of us get by just five or less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke--probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing(light sleep) soundly.

　Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.

　"I could tell you horror stories," says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours," one writes. "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound."

　"Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work," writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h."

　The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.

53．From “he has never looked back “in Paragraph 2，we learn that Peter_　　　 .

　　　 A．does not feel lonely

　　　 B．is always hopeful

　　　 C．does not think about the past

　　　 D．is became more and more successful