1.作动词的宾语

  ①不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。

  Father likes to listen to music in silence.  父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。

  He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg.  他宁愿饿死也不愿乞讨。

  I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。

必背:

  可接不定式作宾语的动词有

afford负担得起

  agree 同意

  aim以……为目标

  ask 要求

  attempt 尝试  

  begin 开始

  care喜爱

  choose决定

  continue 继续 

  decide 决定

  desire 要求

  determine决心

  expect 期待

  fail不能

  forget 忘记

  hate不愿

  hope 希望

  ntend 打算

  manage设法

  mean 打算

  offer表示愿意

  plan 计划

  prefer 宁愿

  pretend 假装

  promise 答应 

  refuse 拒绝

  remember记起

  try努力

  want 想要

  wish希望

②在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后,如果宾语带有宾语补足语时,人们常常用it作形式宾语,而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。

  I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。

  She made it a rule to get up at five. 她养成了五点起床的习惯。

  I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。

  ③在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等)的过去式后,可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。

  I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你的,但没来成。

  I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。(但没做到)

  We meant to have stayed there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。

  I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so. 我原想写一封信给她,但忘记了。

  提示:

  表示“原打算、原以为”还可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达。

  I had intended to call on you. 我原想来拜访你的。

  I had expected to meet him here last night. 我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的。

  We had meant to stay there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。

2.用it作形式主语

  在很多情况下,人们通常用it作为形式上的主语,而把不定式移到谓语之后,使句子结构显得平稳一些。

  It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。

  It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort. 想不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。

  It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time. 浪费了这么多时间,真是遗憾。

  注意:

  当主语和表语都是不定式时,不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。

  To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。

  To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。

  B. 动词不定式作表语

 不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。

  His wish is to become an astronaut.  他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。

  What he hoped was to be admitted into the university. 他希望能被大学录取。

  To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。

  注意:

  有些作表语的不定式,在结构上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。

  She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。

  The house is to let. 此房出租。

  The result is not long to see.

结果不久就会看到。

  C. 动词不定式作宾语

  不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语,也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。

  动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。

  A. 不定式的一般式

  不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。

  He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生)

  To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)

  B.不定式的进行式

  不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

  It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。

  I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。

  C. 不定式的完成式

  不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。

  I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。

  I meant to have finished my work last night,

but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我感觉身体不舒服。

  It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说,被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。

  D. 不定式的完成进行式

  不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。

  He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。

  I'm sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉,我一直打扰你。

  比较:

  不定式的时态意义。

  He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外读书。(不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行)

  He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。(不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束)

  E. 不定式的被动形式

  当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系,有一般式和完成时两种。

1.一般式 to be done

  These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。

  He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

    假如你是中学生王平。最近你注意到:为保护环境,国家规定从六月一日起各商场停止向顾客免费提供塑料袋。现请你给某英文报刊写信,陈述下列现象并谈谈你的看法。

    1.多数大商场已执行这个规定。

    2.但有些大商场把这个规定当成了赚钱的机会。

    3.部分集市和小商场仍在向顾客免费提供塑料袋。

    注意:1.字数100左右。

      2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,并不计入总字数。

      3.参考词汇:集市 market-place(n.)  规定 regulation(n.)

Dear editor,

    I am Wang Ping, a middle school student.                     

                                        

                                       

                                       

                                       

                                        

                                       

                                       

第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

   此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:

    此行多一个词:把多作的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。

    此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

    此行错一个词:在错的词下画一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

    注意:原文没有错的不要改。

        The British police have several nicknames, so the          76.    

   most frequent used are “copper” and “robby”, The first name     77.    

   comes from the verb “cop” means “to take” or “capture”, and     78.    

the second comes from the first name of Sir Robert Peel, the     79.    

19th century politician, he was the founder of the police force.    80.    

An early nickname with the police was “peeler”, and this name   81.    

died out. The visitors to  Britain seem, nearly always, to be very  82.    

impressing by the British police. In fact, it has become a joke     83.    

that the visitor to Britain, when asked for their views of the                  84.    

country, will always say, “We all think that your policemen are   85.    

Wonderful.”

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