5. Was it a few minutes ago ____ you ____ your homework?

　　　　 A. that; had finished　　　　　　　　　 B. that; finished doing

　　　　 C. when; finished doing 　　　 D. that; finished to do

4. The clothes you've just bought ____ you.

　　　　 A. is more fit for　　　　　　 B. are more fit　 C. doesn't fit　　 D. do not fit

3. Is it six years ____ you began to study English?

　　　　 A. that 　　　　　　 B. when 　　　　　 C. since 　　　　　 D. before

2. Jack has ____ friends that sometimes he feels lonely.

　　　　 A. such few 　　 B. so a few 　　　 C. very few 　　　 D. so few

　 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。

1. -Must I get there at seven thirty?

　　　 -No, you _____. You may get there at eight.

　　　　 A. needn't 　　　　 B. mustn't 　　　　 C. can't 　　　　　 D. shouldn't

64. It was essential that we___ lease before the end of the month. A. sing　　 B. singed　　 C. had signed　　 D. were signing　　　　　　　　　 65. It is appropriate that some time ___thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission. A. devotes to　　 B. devoted to　　 C. is devoted to　　 D. be devoted to

答案与详解 1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。 2．B．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。 3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。 4．B．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。 5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。 6．D．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。 7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选(B)would have lost为正确答案。 8．(D)这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有(D)是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。 9．(D)until recently，因此(D)是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。 10．(B)假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。 11．(C)题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是(C)。 12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。 13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。 14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。 15．(D)it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent(急迫的)，这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是(D)。 16．(C)在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。 17．(D)本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。 18．(B)此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除(A)，因为(A)是现在时。(C)中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。(D)选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。(B)had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。 19．(A)该句也是一个复杂条件句(或称作混合虚拟条件句)。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是(A)。 20．(A)as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式(be动词用were)或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故(A)是正确答案。 21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D． 26．(B)had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。 27．(B)had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。 28．(C)表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。(B)，(D)的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以(C)是正确答案。 29．(A)suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should(可以省略)+动词原形。 30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。 34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 35．C． 36．(D)would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。 37．(C)who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 38．(B) 39．(C)这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。 40．(D)连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。 41．(B)It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。 42．(C) 43．(C)otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。 44．(B)所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故(B)是正确答案。 45．(A)这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在(now)的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。 46．C． 47．C． 48．C． 49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。 50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式. 51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B． 55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。 56．C．同上。 57．A．注意词组for fear that 58．A．注意without 59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 63．D． 64．A． 65．D．

13. If the horse won today, it___　 thirty races in five years. A. would have won　　 B. won　　 C. must have won　　 D. did have won 14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ___a sudden loud noise. A. being there　　 B. should there be　　　 C. there was　　 D. there having been　 15. The board deemed it urgent that these files___ right away. A. had to be printed　　　 B. should have been printed C. must be printed　　　　 D. should be printed 16. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it___ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed　　 B. has been analyzed　　 C. be analyzed　　　　 D. should have been analyzed 17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were　　 B. had been　　 C. have been　　 D. was 18. I apologize if I___ you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend　　 B. had offended　　 C. should have offended　　 D. might have offended 19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d___ there by now. A. be　　 B. circles　　 C. is circling　　 D. be circling 20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun __round the earth. A. were circling　　 B. circles　　 C. is circling　　 D. be circling 21. I wish that I ______ with you last night. A. went　　 B. have gone　　 C. could go　　 D. could have gone　　 22. I wish I___ with her. A. would be　　 B. am　　 C. was　　 D. were 23. I wish that I___ the concert last night. A. could　　 B. have attended　　 C. could have attended　　 D. attended 24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I___ to it. A. had not gone　　 B. have not gone　　 C. did not go　　 D. can not have gone 25. “I wish you___ me to put these things away,” he said. A. will help　　 　B. help　　 C. are helping　　 D. would help 26. If the Watergate Incident___ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur　　 B. had not occurred　　 C. was not occurring　　 D. be circling 27. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped___. A. him calling me　 B. that he would call me　　 C. him to call me　 D. that he call me 28. George would certainly have attended the proceedings___. A. if he didn’t get a flat tire　　　　 B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened C. had he not had a flat tire　　　　 D. had the tire not flattened itself 29. The teacher suggested that her students___ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their　　　　　　 B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her　　 D. had written any compositions for his 30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese. A. were　　 B. had been　　 C. is　　 D. has been 31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip___ a great success. A. had been　　 B. has been　　　 C. were　　 D. was 32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he___ away for ages. A. has been　　 B. was　　 C. is　　 D. had been 33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he___ as elephant. A. lifts　　 B. is lifting　　 C. lifted　　 D. could lift 34. He described the town as if he___ it himself. A. had seen　　 B. has seen　　 C. saw　　 D. sees 35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he___ from an evil dream. A. woke　　 B. wakes　　 C. would wake　　 D. had woke 36. Most insurance agents would rather you___ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do　　 B. don’t　　 C. didn’t　　 D. didn’t do 37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they___ the experience of meeting. A. hadn’t　　 B. didn’t have had　　 C. hadn’t had　　 D. hadn’t have 38. It is important that the TOEFL office___ your registration. A. will confirm　　 B. confirm　　　 C. confirms　　　 D. must confirm 39. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology___. A. will not have been achieved　　 B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved　　 D. had not been achieved 40. He told her to return the book in time so that others___ a chance to read it . A. may have　　 B. will have　　　 C. would have　　 D. might have 41. It is time that the government___ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes　　 B. took　　 C. has taken　　 D. taking 42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ______all diplomas from elementary school to university.　 A. has　　 B. will have　　 C. should have　　 D. must have 43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he___ to the meeting. A. would come　　　 B. came　　　 C. would have come　　 D. had come 44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he___ acting for a living one day. A. had taken up　　 B. takes up　　 C. have taken up　　 D. would have taken up 45. If I had seen the movie, I___ you all about it now. A. would tell　　 B. will tell　　 C. have told　　 D. would have told 46. 47. I had hoped that John ___a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends　 　B. spent　　 C. would spend　　 D. will spend 48. I had hoped that Jennifer___ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science. A. will become　　 B. became　　 C. would become　　 D. becomes 49. I’d rather you___ anything about it for the time being. A. do　　 B. didn’t do　　 C. don’t　　 D. didn’t　　 50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her. A. that you won’t speak　　 B. you not speaking　　 C. you not speak　　　　　 D. you didn’t speak 51. It’s high time they___ this road. A. mend　　 B. mended　　 C. must have mended　　 D. will mend 52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war. A. take　　 B. took　　 C. have taken　　 D. will take 53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we___ the class. A. shall start　　 B. would start　　 C. had started　　 D. start 54. ___ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of　　　 B. But for　　 C. Because of　　 D. As for　　 55. Mary___ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received　 　　　　　　B. ought to have received　　 C. couldn’t have received　　　 D. shouldn’t have received　　 56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off. A. came　 B. would come　 C. would have come　 D. should be coming　 57. He’s working hard for fear that he___　 . A. should fall behind　　 B. fell behind　　 C. may fall behind　　 D. would fall behind 58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might___ for a century. A. have been postponed　　 B. has been postponed C. postpone　　　　　　　 D. be postponed 59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______ in the home. A. worked　　 B. would work　　 C. work　　 D. were working　　 60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child___ psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is　　　 B. were　　 C. be　　 D. would be　　 61.Tom’s father, as well as his mother, ___ in New York for a few days more. A. ask him to stay　 　　B. ask he to stay　　 C. asks he stays　　 D. asks he stay 62. Your advice that______ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits　　 B. she wait　　 C. wait she　　 D. she waited 63.

7.　　　　 动词原形表示虚拟

动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 God bless you!

May you succeed!

Long live our friendship! All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. She’ll be sixteen years old, come May.(come May =when May come). If that be so, we shall take action at once.

Long live China.

May you be happy. (注意那个 be ) 祝你幸福。 May the friendship between us last long, Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！

强化训练：虚拟语气 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we___ all right. A. would be　　 B. would have been　　 C. were　　 D. may be　　 2. ___ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were　　　 B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be　　 D. If the captain would have been 3. If he___ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call　　 B. should not have been able C. were not able　　 D. are not able 4. If you asked your father you___ permission. A. may get 　　B. might get　　 C. should have called　　 D. maybe get 5. ___ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave　　 B. Was he leaving　　 C. Were he to leave　　 D. If he leaves 6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was　　 B. Had been　　 C. Will be　　 D. Were 7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose　　　 B. would have lost　　　 C. might lose　　 D. ought to have lost 8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he___ our chairman now. A. must have been　　 B. would have been　　 C. were　　　 D. would be 9. If you___ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn’t contact　 B. didn’t contact　 C. weren’t to contact　 D. hadn’t contacted 10. ___ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of　　　 B. But for　　　 C. Because of　　　 D. As for 11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I___ your advice A. follow　　 B. would follow　　 C. had followed　　 D. have followed 12.

6.　　　　 if only

if only I were you!

If only you had come yesterday!

Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice. A. follow 　B. had followed 　C. would follow 　D. have followed If only I were a bird!

If only my mother were with me now!

If only you had come to our help yesterday!

If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!

If only I had said more about it!

only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung.　　当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early.　　　　但愿他早点回来。

5.　　　　 in case, lest, for fear that

由连接词in case, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如： The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。