7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)

I’ll do as I am told to.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

6、结果状语从句：that, so that, so … that, such … that …

注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +　名词 + that从句。

5、目的状语从句：that, so that, in order that

注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。

4、地点状语从句：where, wherever

Make a mark wherever you have any questions.

We will go where the Party directs us.

3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that

(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。

You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.

for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。)

(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。

Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”

(3)下列情况下只能使用because:

①在回答why的问句时；

②在用于强调句型时；

③被not所否定时。

2、让步状语从句

(1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。

Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.

(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。

I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.

(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。

Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.

Whoever breaks the law will be published.

No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.

(4)as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。

Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.

Much as I like it, I won’t buy.

Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.

1、时间状语从句

　　 (1)as、when、while用法一览表。

(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：

①till, not …　 until …, until, before, since

Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.

It will be five years before he returns from England.

②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once

表示“一……就”

As soon as I have finished it , I’ll give yu a call.

Once you show any fear, he will attack you.

We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it

began to rain.

No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.

③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就

He made for the door directly he heard the knock.

④each time, every time, by the time

Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.

注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。

3.-David has made great progress recently.

-_______, and __________.(上海　 1997)

A.So he has;　 so you have　　　　　　　 B.So he has; so have you

C.So has he; so have you　　　　　　　　 D.So has he; so you have

解析：答案为B。 本题考查倒装知识。“So + 主语 + 助动词”表“确实如此”，“So + 助动词 + 主语”表“也一样。”

2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.(NMET　 1996)

A.were; was　　 B.was; was　　 C.was; were　　　 D.were; were

解析：答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。

选择填空

1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.

-So do I .(上海　 1998)

A.hope　　　　 B.hopes　　　　 C.hoping　　　　 D.hoped

解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。