选择填空

1. I was really anxious about you. You________home without a word.(NMET　 2001)

A.mustn’t have　　　　　　　 B.shouldn’t have left

C.couldn’t have left　　　　　 D.needn’t have

解析：答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”，因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。

3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：

(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：

You should have told me about it earlier.

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.

(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该……”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如：

You ought to have told me about it earlier.

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.

(3)needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：

You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.

(4)could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如：

I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.

2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法

下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：

　例如：

It must have rained last night.

She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.

She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.

They should be there right now.

1、　 情态动词的基本用法

(1)can、be able to 和could

①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：

Can you use chopsticks?

The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the

end.

②can和could

can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如：

Could you help me carry the bag?

Can I help you?

(2)may/might

①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Why isn’t he in class?

　　 He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)

-

　　 He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)

②may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。如：

He says we may leave.

He said we might leave.

③may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may　更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yes, you can / may.

-May / Might I use your bike?　　 -

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 No, you mustn’t

(3)must

①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：

You must do everything as I do.

②must表示肯定的推测。如：

The light is still on, so he must be at home.

③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如：

You mustn’t smoke in the office.

(4)have to

have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如：

You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.

I have to be at my office every evening.

(5)should / ought to

①should和ought to表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：

You should / ought to work hard.

②should / ought to work hard.

Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom.

③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：

Children shouldn’t smoke.

④should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如：

You ought to respect your parents.

He suggested that they should leave at once.

(6)will / would

①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t + 动词。如：

I will tell you all about it.

Tom won’t do such a thing.

②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：

Will you please tell her the news when you see her?

③will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如：

Fish will die out of water.

④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：

Would you please be quiet?

Would you like coffee?

⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：

When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.

(7)need

need 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：

I need to think it over.

-Need you go now?　　　 -Yes, I must./No, I needn’t

(8)dare

dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：

How dare you say that?

She doesn’t date(to)ask her father.

(9)used to

used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：

He used to smoke.

(10)shall

①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如：

We shall do as our teacher says.

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.

②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：

Where shall he wait for us?

Shall we go out for a walk?

3. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)

A.having hung　　　　 B.hanging　　　 C.hangs　　　 D.being hung

解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。

2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(2001年春季高考)

A.correct　　　　　　 B.correcting　　　 C.corrects　　 D.to correct

解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. –ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。

1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET　 2001)

A.Having suffered　　 B.Suffering　　 C.To suffer　　 D.Suffered

解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。

5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题

过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。

(1)过去分词作原因状语

Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.

= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.

Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.

=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.

(2)作时间状语

Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.

=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.

(3)作条件状语

Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

(4)伴随状语

The teacher came in, followed by some students.

=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.

分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：

Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.

ñ二、精典名题导解

选择填空

4、分词复习应注意的几个问题

(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when, while等)

Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.

Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.

②原因状语

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note

③伴随状语

The girls came in, following their parents.

④结果状语

The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.

注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

(2)分词作表语。

S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：

　　　 感官动词　　　　　 动词原形→做了某事

S．+　　　　　 + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事

　　　 使役动词 　　　　　过去分词→做了或被做

3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题

(1)动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand

remember, forget, regret, try

want, require, need