4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。

该句中的“how I to collect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑问词which, what, how, when, where等与小定式构成不定式短语。

[考例] I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job.　 (NMET 2000)

A. expected B. to expect　 C. to be expecting D. expects

[考查目标] what to do sth 不定式短语作宾语。

[答案与解析] B　 该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。

3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。

该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于and just或and at that time. 这时不能用while / as 替换。

常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...

[考例]We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)

A. when　　 B. while　　 C. until　　 D. before

[考查目标] "when" 作连词，表示“正在这时”。

[答案与解析] A　 意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。

2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。

该句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.

常见句型：

(1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause

(2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause

(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause

(4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause

(5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause

(6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause

(7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause

注意：① 当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然　 要用such。② 当so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首时，主句需要倒装。

[考例] So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海)

A. I have felt　　　　　 B. have I felt

　 C. I did feel　　　　　　 D. did I feel

[考查目标] so + adj. 位于句首时，主句倒装。

[答案与解析] D　 A、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。

1. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. 我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。

这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：

(1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也 ……” )

(2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不……” )

(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主语也……” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)

(4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。

(5) 主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。

[考例] Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全国 III)

A. so does John　　　 B. John does too

C. John doesn't too　　 D. nor does John

[考查目标] nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。

[答案与解析] D　 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句。

5. Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.

A. hope for the best　　　 B. make room for

C. make the best of　　　 D. lay our hope on

(DCCDC)

[句型归纳]

4. -- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.

-- Never mind. ____, you have tried your best.

　 A. Above all　　　　　 B. In all

　 C. At all　　　　　　 D. After all

3. In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.

A. in all　 B. after all　　 C. above all　　 D. at all

2. Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.

A. of; loved　　　　　 B. for; cared

C. to; devoted　　　　 D. on; affected

1. If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.

A. interested　 B. anxious　　 C. upset　 D. curious

10. treat … as … 把…看做… The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.

　 [比较] 表示“认为”的短语还有：

　 regard…as…　　 consider…(as)…　　 think of…as…

look on / upon…as…　　　　　　　　 take…for…

　 [注意] 在consider…as…短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。

[牛刀小试2]